标题： 引力波记忆效应的波形模型：II. 非自旋双星的时间域和频率域模型 显示英文标题

标题： Waveform models for the gravitational-wave memory effect: II. Time-domain and frequency-domain models for nonspinning binaries

摘要： 非线性引力波（GW）记忆效应$\unicode{x2014}$是指由波区中的非线性引力波相互作用引起的 GW 应变的永久性偏移$\unicode{x2014}$，这是广义相对论的一个预测，但尚未被观测到。 与主要（振荡）引力波相比，双黑洞（BBH）合并产生的引力波记忆效应的幅度较小，目前的地面探测器不太可能检测到它。 然而，一旦这些探测器进行了数千次探测，BBH 合并群体中存在记忆效应的证据更有可能出现。 拥有一个准确且计算高效的记忆信号波形模型将有助于利用现有的数据分析管道检测记忆效应。 本文中，我们在之前工作的基础上，开发了准圆轨道非自旋 BBH 合并的主要非线性记忆多极信号（$l=2$, $m=0$）的解析时域和频域模型。 该模型校准了质量比在 1 到 8 之间的范围。 时域信号模型有三个部分：后牛顿近似捕获、基于准正常模的回响、以及晚期捕获和合并阶段的经验信号（用于插值捕获和回响之间）。 时域模型还具有解析的傅里叶变换，我们在本文中计算了它。 我们通过比较我们的波形模型和从数值相对论代理模型的振荡模式计算的记忆信号之间的不匹配来评估模型的准确性。 我们使用第四次观测运行的高级 LIGO 灵敏度曲线，并发现不匹配随着系统总质量的增加而增大，约为$10^{-2}\unicode{x2013}10^{-4}$。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The nonlinear gravitational-wave (GW) memory effect$\unicode{x2014}$a permanent shift in the GW strain that arises from nonlinear GW interactions in the wave zone$\unicode{x2014}$is a prediction of general relativity which has not yet been observed. The amplitude of the GW memory effect from binary-black-hole (BBH) mergers is small compared to that of primary (oscillatory) GWs and is unlikely to be detected by current ground-based detectors. Evidence for its presence in the population of all the BBH mergers is more likely, once thousands of detections are made by these detectors. Having an accurate and computationally efficient waveform model of the memory signal will assist detecting the memory effect with current data-analysis pipelines. In this paper, we build on our prior work to develop analytical time-domain and frequency-domain models for the dominant nonlinear memory multipole signal ($l=2$, $m=0$) from nonspinning BBH mergers in quasicircular orbits. The model is calibrated for mass ratios between one and eight. There are three parts to the time-domain signal model: a post-Newtonian inspiral, a quasinormal-mode-based ringdown, and a phenomenological signal during the late inspiral and merger (which interpolates between the inspiral and ringdown). The time-domain model also has an analytical Fourier transform, which we compute in this paper. We assess the accuracy of our model using the mismatch between our waveform model and the memory signal computed from the oscillatory modes of a numerical-relativity surrogate model. We use the advanced LIGO sensitivity curve from the fourth observing run and find that the mismatch increases with the total mass of the system and is of order $10^{-2}\unicode{x2013}10^{-4}$.