标题： 基于未来高精度半径测量的混合星核属性的贝叶斯推理 显示英文标题

标题： Bayesian Inference of Core Properties of Hybrid Stars from Future High-Precision Measurements of Their Radii

摘要： 未来的高精度X射线和引力波观测有望将中子星（NS）的半径测量到优于$\sigma=0.1$km的精度，从而前所未有地提供提取关于中子星核心中超密物质性质和状态方程（EOS）的新信息的机会。 在使用包含一阶强子-夸克相变且满足核物理和天体物理学所有已知约束的元模型的贝叶斯框架内，我们研究了更高精度的NS半径数据如何更好地告知我们以下几点：（1）NS地幔-核心转变密度$\rho_{cc}$，（2）强子-夸克转变密度$\rho_t$，夸克物质分数$F_{\rm{QM}}$及其半径$R_{\rm{QM}}$，以及（3）高密度NS EOS参数。 利用标志物NS半径数据，其模拟精度从$\sigma=1.0$公里变化到0.1公里，我们发现（a）最可能的壳核密度转变点$\rho_{cc}$及其68\%置信边界基本上不受$\sigma$的影响，尤其是对于大质量NS；(b) 我们对上述问题（2）和（3）的回答依赖于假设的强子夸克转变密度$\rho_t$的先验范围。 使用其标志范围$(1.0-6.0)\rho_0$，后验PDF ($\rho_t$) 在$(1.7-2.0)\rho_0$附近有一个主要峰值，这个峰值足以但没有必要描述所有现有的中子星半径数据，并且在$(3.0-5.0)\rho_0$附近有一个次要峰值，与近期RHIC束流能量扫描实验关于$\rho_t$的指示一致。 将$\rho_t$的先验范围缩小到$(3.0-6.0)\rho_0$，NS半径数据的较小$\sigma$可以更严格地约束后验PDF（$\rho_t$），$F_{\rm{QM}}$，$R_{\rm{QM}}$以及几个高密度强子EoS参数。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Future high-precision X-ray and gravitational wave observations of neutron stars (NSs) are expected to measure NS radii to better than $\sigma=0.1$ km accuracy, providing unprecedented opportunities to extract novel information about the nature and equation of state (EOS) of supradense matter in NS cores. Within a Bayesian framework using a meta-model for NS EOS encapsulating a first-order hadron-quark phase transition and satisfying all known constraints from both nuclear physics and astrophysics, we investigate how NS radius data with higher precision may better inform us about (1) the NS crust-core transition density $\rho_{cc}$, (2) the hadron-quark transition density $\rho_t$, quark matter fraction $F_{\rm{QM}}$ and its radius $R_{\rm{QM}}$, and (3) high-density NS EOS parameters. Using fiducial NS radius data with mocked precisions varying from $\sigma=1.0$ km to 0.1 km, we found (a) the most probable crust-core transition density $\rho_{cc}$ and its 68\% confidence boundaries are essentially unaffected by $\sigma$ especially for massive NSs; (b) our answers to the questions (2) and (3) listed above depend sensitively on the prior range of hadron-quark transition density $\rho_t$ assumed. Using its fiducial range of $(1.0-6.0)\rho_0$, the posterior PDF($\rho_t$) has a major peak around $(1.7-2.0)\rho_0$ that is sufficient but unnecessary in describing all existing NS radius data, and a minor peak around $(3.0-5.0)\rho_0$ consistent with the indication about $\rho_t$ of recent Beam Energy Scan Experiments at RHIC. Narrowing down the prior range of $\rho_t$ to $(3.0-6.0)\rho_0$, NS radius data with smaller $\sigma$ can constrain more stringently the posterior PDF($\rho_t$), $F_{\rm{QM}}$, $R_{\rm{QM}}$ and several high-density hadronic EOS parameters.