标题： 与自组织临界性相关的幂律：实证数据与模型预测的比较 显示英文标题

标题： Power Laws Associated with Self-Organized Criticality: A Comparison of Empirical Data with Model Predictions

摘要： 我们研究了{\sl 自组织临界性（SOC）}模型在先前发表的实证数据集中的相关性，这些数据集包括天文学、地球物理学、生物物理学、社会物理学和信息学中的统计观测。 我们使用五种不同的事件检测和幂律拟合方法研究了25个跨学科现象。 分析的大小分布总数为64个案例，其中80\%几乎与SOC模型预测一致($\alpha_s=1.99\pm0.30$)。 分形扩散自组织临界模型预测通量$\alpha_F=(9/5)=1.80$的幂律斜率为$F$，fluence或能量$\alpha_E=(5/3)\sim1.67$的幂律斜率为$E$，以及 avalanche持续时间$\alpha_T=2.00$的幂律斜率为$T$。 我们发现太阳耀斑、地震和森林火灾的现象与理论预测一致，而由于忽略了背景处理、幂律拟合范围的不足、小样本统计以及有限系统大小效应，其他现象的规模分布结论尚无定论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the relevance of {\sl self-organized criticality (SOC)} models in previously published empirical datasets, which includes statistical observations in astrophysics, geophysics, biophysics, sociophysics, and informatics. We study 25 interdisciplinary phenomena with five different event detection and power law fitting methods. The total number of analyzed size distributions amounts to 64 cases, of which 80\% are found to be nearly consistent ($\alpha_s=1.99\pm0.30$) with the SOC model predictions. The fractal-diffusive SOC model predicts power law slopes of $\alpha_F=(9/5)=1.80$ for the flux $F$, $\alpha_E=(5/3)\sim1.67$ for the fluence or energy $E$, and $\alpha_T=2.00$ for the avalanche duration $T$. We find that the phenomena of solar flares, earthquakes, and forest fires are consistent with the theoretical predictions, while the size distributions of other phenomena are not conclusive due to neglected background treatment, inadequacy of power law fitting range, small-number statistics, and finite-system size effects.