标题： 准静态IRS：用于区域覆盖增强的三维成型波束成形 显示英文标题

标题： Quasi-Static IRS: 3D Shaped Beamforming for Area Coverage Enhancement

摘要： 智能反射面（IRS）是一种有前景的范式，用于重新配置无线环境以增强通信覆盖和质量。然而，为了补偿双路径损耗效应，需要大量的IRS元素，这引发了关于成本和复杂性可扩展性的担忧。本文介绍了一种准静态IRS（QS-IRS）的新架构，该架构通过机械调整或手动重新排列阵列拓扑来调节元件相位。QS-IRS仅依赖于纯无源元件的大规模生产和组装，因此适合超低成本和大规模部署，以增强长期覆盖。为了实现这一目标，提出了一个基于IRS的区域覆盖问题，该问题明确考虑了元件辐射模式（ERP），引入了主瓣形状掩码和旁瓣约束以减少能量泄漏。提出了一种基于差分凸（DC）和连续凸逼近（SCA）过程的交替优化（AO）算法，该算法实现了具有接近联合优化算法功率增益的形状波束成形，但计算复杂度显著降低。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising paradigm to reconfigure the wireless environment for enhanced communication coverage and quality. However, to compensate for the double pathloss effect, massive IRS elements are required, raising concerns on the scalability of cost and complexity. This paper introduces a new architecture of quasi-static IRS (QS-IRS), which tunes element phases via mechanical adjustment or manually re-arranging the array topology. QS-IRS relies on massive production/assembly of purely passive elements only, and thus is suitable for ultra low-cost and large-scale deployment to enhance long-term coverage. To achieve this end, an IRS-aided area coverage problem is formulated, which explicitly considers the element radiation pattern (ERP), with the newly introduced shape masks for the mainlobe, and the sidelobe constraints to reduce energy leakage. An alternating optimization (AO) algorithm based on the difference-of-convex (DC) and successive convex approximation (SCA) procedure is proposed, which achieves shaped beamforming with power gains close to that of the joint optimization algorithm, but with significantly reduced computational complexity.