标题： 等离子体异质结构中表面等离激元的电生成 显示英文标题

标题： Electrical generation of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic heterostructures

摘要： 表面等离子体极化激元（SPPs）可以被理解为通过等离子体激发限制在导体-电介质界面处的二维光。虽然低能SPPs的行为类似于光子，但高频SPPs更接近于表面等离子体。由于它们与光子的动量失配以及与等离子体的能量失配，产生中等范围的SPPs尤其具有挑战性。在这里，我们理论上证明了石墨烯能够承受高偏置并支持强烈的非平衡稳态电子-空穴群体，这使得在由未掺杂的单层石墨烯、六方氮化硼（hBN）和银（Ag）组成的等离激元范德瓦尔斯异质结构中产生了近红外SPPs。我们表明，这种机制无需光学光栅或电子隧穿即可产生非热、可调谐偏置的SPP发射，该发射沿Ag-hBN界面均匀分布，并且内部转换效率最高可达$10^{-3}$，同时具有高达100的Purcell因子。这些发现为在单一二维异质结构内集成光子和电子功能铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be understood as two-dimensional light confined to a conductor-dielectric interface via plasmonic excitations. While low-energy SPPs behave similarly to photons, higher-frequency SPPs resemble surface plasmons. Generating mid-range SPPs is particularly challenging due to their momentum mismatch with photons and energy mismatch with plasmons. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that graphene's ability to sustain a high bias and support a strongly non-equilibrium steady-state electron-hole population enables near-infrared SPP generation in plasmonic van der Waals heterostructures composed of undoped monolayer graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and silver (Ag). We show that this mechanism requires neither optical gratings nor electron tunneling to produce non-thermal, bias-tunable SPP emission, which is uniform along the Ag-hBN interface and achieves an internal conversion efficiency of up to $10^{-3}$ with the Purcell factor of up to 100. These findings pave the way for integrating photonic and electronic functionalities within a single two-dimensional heterostructure.