标题： 经济交换的认知基础：基于行为证据的模块化框架 显示英文标题

标题： The Cognitive Foundations of Economic Exchange: A Modular Framework Grounded in Behavioral Evidence

摘要： 经济行为的起源仍未得到解决——不仅在社会科学领域，在人工智能领域也是如此，其中主导理论往往依赖于预设的激励或制度假设。 与以物易物作为交换基础的长期神话相反，早期人类社会的证据表明，互惠而非以物易物才是经济逻辑的基础，使社区能够在正式市场出现之前长期维持交换和社会凝聚力。 然而，尽管互惠至关重要，它缺乏一种可模拟且基于认知的解释。 在这里，我们引入了一个基于三个实证支持的认知原始概念的最小行为框架——个体识别、互惠信任和成本-收益敏感性——这些概念使代理能够参与并维持互惠交换，为可扩展的经济行为奠定基础。 这些机制从底层构建了合作、原始经济交换和制度结构的出现。 通过结合灵长类动物学、发展心理学和经济人类学的见解，该框架为在人类和人工系统中建模信任、协调和经济行为提供了一个统一的基质。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The origins of economic behavior remain unresolved-not only in the social sciences but also in AI, where dominant theories often rely on predefined incentives or institutional assumptions. Contrary to the longstanding myth of barter as the foundation of exchange, converging evidence from early human societies suggests that reciprocity-not barter-was the foundational economic logic, enabling communities to sustain exchange and social cohesion long before formal markets emerged. Yet despite its centrality, reciprocity lacks a simulateable and cognitively grounded account. Here, we introduce a minimal behavioral framework based on three empirically supported cognitive primitives-individual recognition, reciprocal credence, and cost--return sensitivity-that enable agents to participate in and sustain reciprocal exchange, laying the foundation for scalable economic behavior. These mechanisms scaffold the emergence of cooperation, proto-economic exchange, and institutional structure from the bottom up. By bridging insights from primatology, developmental psychology, and economic anthropology, this framework offers a unified substrate for modeling trust, coordination, and economic behavior in both human and artificial systems.