标题： 天线耦合的集成毫米波调制器和共振电光频率梳 显示英文标题

标题： Antenna-coupled integrated millimeterwave modulators and resonant electro-optic frequency combs

摘要： 全球数据流量的快速增长正在加速对超宽带通信技术的需求，尤其是在数据中心之间的链路以及新兴的6G无线系统中。诸如光计算和量子信息处理之类的应用进一步要求快速且可扩展的方法来实现光学和电子信号的接口。 集成的电光调制器提供了一种紧凑且高效的解决方案，但将其操作扩展到毫米波（mmWave）和太赫兹频段却很困难。关键挑战包括高传输线损耗和笨重的电气封装。 在这里，我们展示了一种无线且宽带的电光调制架构，该架构直接将无线毫米波信号与光学信号接口连接起来，消除了对阻抗匹配的毫米波探针和电缆的需求。通过将芯片天线直接与薄膜铌酸锂上共设计的行波传输线集成在一起，我们在WR9.0（82-125 GHz）和WR2.8（240-380 GHz）频带范围内实现了频谱平坦的相位调制。 调制器的宽带特性使设备能够作为高速毫米波探测器工作。通过在高达6 GHz的频率下调制毫米波载波，我们展示了设备的平坦且宽的检测带宽——这对于6G通信和高速毫米波传感至关重要。 除了行波检测之外，我们的无线平台还实现了共振电光频率梳生成，模式间隔为123.2 GHz和307.9 GHz。提取出的单光子电光耦合率分别为$g_{eo} =2\pi\times 10.61$kHz 和 25.99 kHz，在123.2 GHz和307.9 GHz处，分别表现出与毫米波频率有利的缩放性。 这些结果建立了一类新的宽带、无线电光设备，用于高速调制、检测和频率梳生成，在通信、传感和量子技术等领域具有广阔的应用前景。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The rapid growth of global data traffic is accelerating the need for ultra-broadband communication technologies, particularly in inter-data center links and emerging 6G wireless systems. Applications such as optical computing and quantum information processing further demand fast, scalable ways to interface optical and electronic signals. Integrated electro-optic modulators offer a compact and efficient solution, but extending their operation into the millimeterwave (mmWave) and terahertz regimes is difficult. Key challenges include high transmission line losses and bulky electrical packaging. Here, we demonstrate a wireless and wideband electro-optic modulation architecture that directly interfaces wireless mmWave signals with optical ones, eliminating the need for impedance-matched mmWave probes and cables. By integrating an on-chip antenna directly with a co-designed traveling-wave transmission line on thin-film lithium niobate, we achieve spectrally flat phase modulation across the WR9.0 (82-125 GHz) and WR2.8 (240-380 GHz) bands. The wideband nature of our modulator enables the device to function as a high-speed mmWave detector. By modulating the mmWave carrier at frequencies up to 6 GHz, we demonstrate the device's flat and wide detection bandwidth-critical for 6G communication and high-speed mmWave sensing. Beyond traveling-wave detection, our wireless platform enables resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation with mode spacing of 123.2 GHz and 307.9 GHz. Extracted single-photon electro-optic coupling rates of $g_{eo} =2\pi\times 10.61$ kHz and 25.99 kHz, at 123.2 and 307.9 GHz, respectively, demonstrate favorable scaling with mmWave frequency. These results establish a new class of broadband, wireless electro-optic devices for high-speed modulation, detection, and frequency comb generation, with promising applications in communications, sensing, and quantum technologies.