标题： viper：从光学到红外的高精度径向速度（使用Telluric建模在CRIRES+的K波段达到3m/s） 显示英文标题

标题： viper: High-precision radial velocities from the optical to the infrared (Reaching 3 m/s in the K band of CRIRES+ with telluric modelling)

摘要： 近年来，为了获得高精度径向速度（RV），开发了许多新的仪器和数据处理管道。特别是在光学领域，取得了显著进展，达到了低于50厘米/秒的RV精度。然而，近红外（NIR）领域的RV精度却落后了。这归因于多种因素，如大气吸收线的影响、较低的恒星信息含量、不同类型的探测器以及可用的校准灯。然而，在NIR中的观测对于寻找和研究在光学波段较暗的低温低质量恒星周围的系外行星来说是重要的。M矮星在NIR中最为明亮，并且恒星活动信号在较长波长下也会减弱。在本文中，我们介绍了RV管道viper（Velocity and IP EstimatoR）。viper的理念是提供一个公开且易于使用的代码，能够处理来自各种光谱仪的数据。最初设计用于处理光学仪器的数据，该代码现在已扩展以处理NIR数据。viper使用最小二乘拟合来建模恒星RV以及时间上和空间上的可变IP。我们通过添加一个用于地球大气中分子前向建模的术语，改进了这一方法。在本文中，我们使用CRIRES+在K波段的观测来展示viper处理NIR数据的能力。我们展示了使用气体单元可以在2.5年内实现3米/秒的RV精度。此外，我们呈现了一项关于NIR中大气线稳定性的研究。使用viper可以处理使用或未使用气体单元采集的数据，并且我们展示了当仅使用大气线进行波长校准时，可以实现约10米/秒的长期RV精度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In recent years, a number of new instruments and data reduction pipelines have been developed to obtain high-precision radial velocities (RVs). In particular in the optical, considerable progress has been made and RV precision below 50 cm/s has been reached. Yet, the RV precision in the near-infrared (NIR) is trailing behind. This is due to a number of factors, such as imprinted atmospheric absorption lines, lower stellar information content, different types of detectors, and usable calibration lamps. However, observations in the NIR are important for the search and study of exoplanets around cool low-mass stars that are faint at optical wavelengths. Not only are M dwarfs brightest in the NIR, the signal of stellar activity is also reduced at longer wavelengths. In this paper we introduce the RV pipeline viper (Velocity and IP EstimatoR). The philosophy of viper is to offer a publicly available and user-friendly code that is able to process data from various spectrographs. Originally designed to handle data from optical instruments, the code now has been extended to enable the processing of NIR data. viper uses a least-square fitting to model the stellar RV as well as the temporal and spatial variable IP. We have improved upon this method by adding a term for the telluric spectrum that enables the forward modelling of molecules present in the Earth's atmosphere. In this paper we use CRIRES+ observations in the K band to demonstrate viper's ability to handle data in the NIR. We show that it is possible to achieve an RV accuracy of 3 m/s over a period of 2.5 years with the use of a gas cell. Additionally, we present a study of the stability of atmospheric lines in the NIR. With viper it is possible to handle data taken with or without a gas cell, and we show that a long-term RV precision of around 10 m/s can be achieved when using only telluric lines for the wavelength calibration.