标题： 广义非厄米皮肤效应 显示英文标题

标题： Generalized Non-Hermitian Skin Effect

摘要： 在本信中，我们提出了一种称为广义非厄米体效应的统一理论。 该框架在微扰范围内提供了典型一维非厄米体效应的普遍表征，并揭示了一种超越广义布里渊区理论预测的新类型体效应，称为相对体效应。 之前认识到的体效应被归类为全局体效应，从而明确界定了现有非布洛赫带理论的范围和局限性。 此外，我们首次建立了全局体效应与相对体效应之间的相变准则，展示了这两种不同类型的体效应之间的竞争，强调了实空间非厄米项在理解体效应中的关键作用，并挑战了非布洛赫带理论对动量空间的传统依赖。 我们的研究大大推进了非厄米物理的概念框架，并提供了新的理论工具进行研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this Letter, we present a unified theory termed the generalized non-Hermitian skin effect. This framework provides a universal characterization of typical one-dimensional non-Hermitian skin effects within the perturbative regime and unveils a novel type of skin effect that beyond the predictions of the generalized Brillouin zone theory, referred to as the relative skin effect. Previously recognized skin effects are classified as global skin effects, thereby explicitly delineating the scope and limitations of existing non-Bloch band theories. Additionally, we establish, for the first time, a phase transition criterion between global skin effects and relative skin effect, demonstrating the competition between these two distinct types of skin effects, emphasizing the pivotal role of real-space non-Hermitian terms in understanding skin effects and challenging the traditional reliance of non-Bloch band theory on momentum space. Our study substantially advances the conceptual framework of non-Hermitian physics and provides new theoretical tools for investigation.