标题： 农田规模至关重要：生物多样性和害虫管理的空间显式生态经济框架 显示英文标题

标题： Farm Size Matters: A Spatially Explicit Ecological-Economic Framework for Biodiversity and Pest Management

摘要： 欧洲农业的强化，表现为农场规模扩大、景观简化以及对合成农药的依赖，仍然是生物多样性下降的主要驱动力。 尽管许多研究已经探讨了这一现象，但它们往往关注孤立的要素，导致缺乏整体理解，使得政策制定者和农民面临不明确的优先事项。 本研究通过开发一个空间显式的生态经济模型来解决这一差距，该模型旨在剖析景观结构与农药使用之间的复杂相互作用及其对自然敌害种群和农民经济效益的综合影响。 特别是，该模型研究了这些关系如何受农场规模（一个在先前研究中经常被忽视的关键方面）的调节。 通过校准到欧洲农业部门，我们探讨了各种政策情景下的生态和经济后果。 我们表明，生态恢复策略的有效性在很大程度上取决于农场规模。 小到中型农场可以通过减少农药使用并结合树篱恢复来获得经济效益，这是由于增强了自然害虫控制。 相比之下，大型农场由于固有的景观特征，在实现可比的经济效益时遇到挑战。 这突显了在农业环境政策中考虑农场规模的必要性，以便促进生物多样性保护和农业可持续性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The intensification of European agriculture, characterized by increasing farm sizes, landscape simplification and reliance on synthetic pesticides, remains a key driver of biodiversity decline. While many studies have investigated this phenomenon, they often focus on isolated elements, resulting in a lack of holistic understanding and leaving policymakers and farmers with unclear priorities. This study addresses this gap by developing a spatially explicit ecological economic model designed to dissect the complex interplay between landscape structure and pesticide application, and their combined effects on natural enemy populations and farmers' economic returns. In particular, the model investigates how these relationships are modulated by farm size (a crucial aspect frequently overlooked in prior research). By calibrating on the European agricultural sector, we explore the ecological and economic consequences of various policy scenarios. We show that the effectiveness of ecological restoration strategies is strongly contingent upon farm size. Small to medium-sized farms can experience economic benefits from reduced pesticide use when coupled with hedgerow restoration, owing to enhanced natural pest control. In contrast, large farms encounter challenges in achieving comparable economic gains due to inherent landscape characteristics. This highlights the need to account for farm size in agri-environmental policies in order to promote biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability.