标题： 通过里德堡EIT进行低频场的混频检测与相位解调 显示英文标题

标题： Heterodyne detection of low-frequency fields via Rydberg EIT with phase demodulation

摘要： 近年来，量子传感研究的快速发展揭示了里德堡原子在成为低频场的高精度厘米级天线方面具有巨大潜力。 为了便于通过里德堡原子高效可靠地检测低频场，我们在电磁诱导透明（EIT）嵌入典型双光子基态-里德堡跃迁的条件下，设计、实现并分析了一种基于混频过程的特殊但低成本且可扩展的方法。 我们的方法不依赖于观察里德堡原子吸收光的变化，而是专注于通过里德堡EIT机制由低频场引起的探测激光相位调制效应，并利用解调过程准确提取信号。 我们方法的一般原理适用于电场和磁场，甚至有可能在同一装置中实现这两种功能的结合。 特别是，我们针对两种情况分别实验演示了操作的完整周期。 在测量低频电场时，我们发现原子间的里德堡偶极-偶极相互作用导致不同角动量的里德堡态产生线性叠加，从而产生对应线性斯塔克效应特征的一阶响应。 由于里德堡原子与电场具有优异的耦合强度，我们的结果表明，该方法在未来实际任务中有望实现高精度性能。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recently, the rapid progress of quantum sensing research reveals that the Rydberg atoms have great potentials in becoming high-precision centimeter-scale antenna of low-frequency fields. In order to facilitate efficient and reliable detection of low-frequency fields via Rydberg atoms, we design, implement and analyze a special but low-cost and scalable method based on heterodyning processes under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) embedded in typical two-photon ground-Rydberg transition. Instead of relying on observing changes in absorption of light by Rydberg atoms, our method focuses on the phase modulation effect on the probe laser induced by the low-frequency fields via the Rydberg EIT mechanism and utilizes a demodulation process to accurately retrieve the signal. The general principles of our method apply to both electric and magnetic fields and it is even possible to realize the combination of both functionalities in the same apparatus. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the full cycle of operations with respect to both cases. In the measurement of low-frequency electric fields, we discover that the Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction among atoms induce linear superposition of Rydberg states with different angular momentum that generates a first-order response corresponding to the signature of linear Stark effect. As the Rydberg atoms have excellent coupling strengths with electric fields, our results indicate that our method can hopefully reach high-precision performance for practical tasks in the future.