标题： 电动卡车充电用混合储能系统的最优协同设计 显示英文标题

标题： Optimal Co-Design of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Truck Charging

摘要： 电池电动卡车普及的主要挑战是其高成本和电网拥堵问题。在此背景下，固定式储能系统可以帮助缓解这两个问题。 由于它们的设计和运行密切相关，为了充分利用它们，应该联合优化。 本文提出了一种混合储能系统的协同设计框架，其中技术和尺寸优化与运行策略联合优化。 具体来说，我们考虑了一个支持卡车充电器的微电网，包括公用电网、太阳能电池板以及包括电池、超级电容器和飞轮在内的储能系统。 我们将协同设计问题建模为一个混合整数线性规划问题，并保证全局最优解。 我们在荷兰的一个配送中心案例研究中展示了我们的框架。 我们的结果显示，尽管仅使用电池的配置已经具有竞争力，但添加超级电容器或飞轮储能可以降低总成本并增加回馈电网的能量。 总体而言，完全混合的解决方案（电池+超级电容器+飞轮）提供了最佳的结果，实现了最低的整体成本（比仅电池低1.96%），降低了电网依赖性，但初始投资较高（高出2.6%）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The major challenges to battery electric truck adoption are their high cost and grid congestion.In this context, stationary energy storage systems can help mitigate both issues. Since their design and operation are strongly coupled, to make the best out of them, they should be jointly optimized. This paper presents a co-design framework for hybrid energy storage systems where their technology and sizing are optimized jointly with their operational strategies. Specifically, we consider a microgrid supporting truck chargers that consists of utility grid, solar panels, and energy storage systems including batteries, supercapacitors and flywheels. We frame the co-design problem as a mixed-integer linear program that can be solved with global optimality guarantees. We showcase our framework in a case-study of a distribution center in the Netherlands. Our results show that although the battery-only configuration is already competitive, adding supercapacitors or flywheel storage decrease total cost and increase energy sold back to the grid. Overall, the fully hybrid solution (Battery+Supercapacitors+Flywheel) offers the best outcomes, achieving the lowest overall cost (1.96\% lower compared to battery-only) and reduced grid dependency, but at a higher (2.6\%) initial investment.