标题： 6G及更远未来网络数字孪生：多域网络生态系统端到端视角 显示英文标题

标题： Network Digital Twin for 6G and Beyond: An End-to-End View Across Multi-Domain Network Ecosystems

摘要： 随着技术的飞速发展，智能移动用户的数量不断增加，同时虚拟/增强现实（VR/XR）、远程手术、自动驾驶汽车和实时全息通信等应用的需求也在增长，这些应用都需要在6G及未来网络（6G+）中实现高传输速率和超低延迟。 这给高效部署大规模网络带来了巨大的挑战，包括网络设计、规划、故障排查、优化和维护，且不能影响用户体验。 网络数字孪生（NDT）作为一种潜在解决方案应运而生，它能够创建反映实际网络的虚拟模型，支持模拟各种网络设计、应用不同的运行策略，并在真实条件下重现复杂的故障场景。 这激发了我们的研究动机，在本文中，我们针对6G+背景下的NDT进行了全面综述，涵盖了无线接入网络（RAN）、传输网络、5G核心网络及其扩展（5GCORE+）、云计算/边缘计算、应用（区块链、健康系统、制造、安全和车联网）、非地面网络（NTNs）以及量子网络等多个领域，从学术界和工业界的视角出发。 特别是，我们首次深入探讨并介绍了RAN和5GCORE+在NDT中的应用指南与使用方法。 随后，我们对NDT中的基础技术，如传输网络、云计算/边缘计算、应用、NTNs和量子网络进行了广泛回顾。 最后，我们在6G背景下讨论了NDT面临的关键挑战、开放问题和未来的研究方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： With the rapid development of technology, the number of smart mobile users is increasing, accompanied by growing demands from applications such as virtual/augmented reality (VR/XR), remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and real-time holographic communications, all of which require high transmission rates and ultra-low latency in 6G and beyond networks (6G+). This poses enormous challenges in efficiently deploying large-scale networks, including network design, planning, troubleshooting, optimization, and maintenance, without affecting the user experience. Network Digital Twin (NDT) has emerged as a potential solution, enabling the creation of a virtual model that reflects the actual network, supporting the simulation of various network designs, applying diverse operating policies, and reproducing complex fault scenarios under real-world conditions. This motivate us for this study, where we provide a comprehensive survey of NDT in the context of 6G+, covering areas such as radio access networks (RAN), transport networks, 5G core networks and beyond (5GCORE+), cloud/edge computing, applications (blockchain, health system, manufacturing, security, and vehicular networks), non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), and quantum networks, from both academic and industrial perspectives. In particular, we are the first to provide an in-depth guide and usage of RAN and 5GCORE+ for NDT. Then, we provide an extensive review of foundation technologies such as transport networks, cloud/edge computing, applications, NTNs, and quantum networks in NDT. Finally, we discuss the key challenges, open issues, and future research directions for NDT in the context of 6G+.