标题： 量子随机数生成器（QRNG）：理论与实验研究 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG): Theoretical and Experimental Investigations

摘要： 量子随机数生成器（QRNG）作为一种产生真正随机数的有前景的解决方案应运而生。本文综述了QRNG，并简要概述了各种策略的优点和缺点。然后选择最佳情况，我们通过内混检测技术测量量子真空涨落的四象限振幅，深入探讨了构建和表征QRNG的实验探索。由于熵评估在验证真正的随机性方面起着基础作用，本文详细描述了熵及其如何评估源随机性的质量。我们的实验装置除了硬件外，还包括一组多样化的测试技术，包括 NIST 统计/熵套件、Dieharder 测试电池以及自相关系数，以验证生成的随机数的随机性和统计特性。我们相信，我们的实验研究为构建用于广泛应用程序的QRNG提供了一个有价值的资源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then opting for the best-case scenario, we present the in-depth experimental explorations for building and characterizing QRNG using the homodyne detection technique to measure the quadrature amplitude of quantum vacuum fluctuations. Since entropy assessment plays a fundamental role in authenticating the true randomness, a comprehensive description of entropy and how it evaluates the quality of randomness of the source is illustrated. Our experimental setup, apart from the hardware, includes a diverse set of testing techniques including NIST statistical/entropy suites, Dieharder tests battery, and autocorrelation coefficient to verify the randomness and statistical properties of the generated random numbers. We believe that our experimental investigations provide a valuable resource for building QRNGs for a wide range of applications.