标题： 活动星系核频率在属于年轻移动星族的M型矮星中 显示英文标题

标题： Flare frequency in M dwarfs belonging to Young Moving Groups

摘要： 背景。 M型恒星是研究类地系外行星的首选目标，我们希望在未来十年内获得它们的大气光谱。 然而，M矮星长期以来以其强烈的磁场活动和频繁产生光学宽带发射耀斑的能力而闻名。 目的。 我们的目的是在时间、光谱和能量维度上表征年轻M矮星的耀发行为，并考察控制这种行为的恒星参数，以提高我们对能够塑造系外行星大气的耀发事件的能量和频率的理解。 方法。 年轻的运动群（YMG）成员提供了基于年龄的恒星活动的独特视角。 通过结合自转、质量和H{\alpha }数据检查它们的耀发行为，我们获得了对年轻恒星耀发活动驱动因素的全面理解。 结果。 我们证明了具有相似恒星参数的年轻恒星可以表现出不同的耀发频率分布，并且耀发行为在光学和远紫外之间显示出差异的迹象。 我们认为旋转周期，而不是恒星的年龄，可以作为评估耀发活动的良好代理。 此外，我们建议使用分段幂律而不是简单的幂律来描述年轻活跃的M矮星中中等大小和大耀发的频率分布。 结论。 利用已知的旋转周期和精细调整的描述耀发频率的幂律，我们可以生成一个现实的耀发事件序列，以研究围绕M矮星的小型系外行星的大气是否能够承受这种活动，直到生命能够出现。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Context. M stars are preferred targets for studying terrestrial exoplanets, for which we hope to obtain their atmosphere spectra in the next decade. However, M dwarfs have long been known for strong magnetic activity and the ability to frequently produce optical, broadband emission flares. Aims. We aim to characterise the flaring behaviour of young M dwarfs in the temporal, spectral, and energetic dimensions, as well as examine the stellar parameters governing this behaviour, in order to improve our understanding of the energy and frequency of the flare events capable of shaping the exoplanet atmosphere. Methods. Young Moving Group (YMG) members provide a unique age-based perspective on stellar activity. By examining their flare behaviour in conjunction with rotation, mass, and H{\alpha} data, we obtain a comprehensive understanding of flare activity drivers in young stars. Results. We demonstrate that young stars sharing similar stellar parameters can exhibit a variety in flare frequency distributions and that the flare behaviour shows indications of difference between optical and far-UV. We propose that the period of rotation, not the age of the star, can be a good proxy for assessing flaring activity. Furthermore, we recommend that instead of a simple power law for describing the flare frequency distribution, a piecewise power law be used to describe mid-size and large flare distributions in young and active M dwarfs. Conclusions. Using known periods of rotation and fine-tuned power laws governing the flare frequency, we can produce a realistic sequence of flare events to study whether the atmosphere of small exoplanets orbiting M dwarf shall withstand such activity until life can emerge.