标题： 熵代理反转作为太阳对流包层底部物理条件演化的示踪剂 显示英文标题

标题： Entropy proxy inversions as tracers of the evolution of physical conditions at the base of the solar convective envelope

摘要： 太阳对于恒星结构和演化的理论是一个重要的校准器。 然而，我们对太阳演化模型的精度紧密依赖于进入计算的物理成分。 这包括但不限于状态方程、不透明度、化学输运以及湍流对流的建模。 因此，推导出这些成分的模型无关探针至关重要，这样可以进一步测试这些成分的质量，并可能通过观测数据揭示它们的不足之处。 我们的目标是利用修订后的helioseismic指示器，该指示器模仿了包层中熵的属性，来对太阳对流区底部的太阳能等离子体的热力学性质提供额外的限制。 我们推导出了一个修订后的熵代理指标，用于太阳对流包层，可以直接通过helioseismic结构反演获得。 然后，我们使用具有各种输入物理修改的太阳演化模型来研究熵代理在对流包层中的属性。 我们发现，太阳对流包层的熵代理指标可以排除绝热外溢作为太阳建模问题的解决方案，并强烈表明需要修订不透明度。 我们的结果显示，这个新的指标是对对流区底部热力学条件总体演变的强大诊断。 新的熵代理指标允许更准确地表征太阳对流区底部的条件。 虽然它已经能够排除绝热外溢作为太阳建模问题的解决方案，但它的敏感性对不透明度修改的形状以及对流区底部性质的演变使其成为太阳模型的强大helioseismic诊断工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Sun is an important calibrator for the theory of stellar structure and evolution. However, the accuracy of our solar evolution models is tightly linked to the physical ingredients that enter their computations. This include, amongst other, the equation of state, the opacities, the transport of chemicals and the modelling of turbulent convection. Deriving model-independent probes of these ingredients is therefore crucial to further test the quality of these ingredients and potentially reveal their shortcomings using observational data. We aim at providing additional constraints on the thermodynamical properties of the solar plasma at the base of the solar convective zone using a revised helioseismic indicator mimicking the properties of the specific entropy in the envelope. We derive a revised entropy proxy for the solar convective envelope, directly accessible using helioseismic structure inversions. We then use solar evolutionary models with various modifications of input physics to study the properties of proxy of the entropy in the convective envelope. We find that the entropy proxy for the solar convective envelope allows to invalidate adiabatic overshooting as a solution to the solar modelling problem and strongly points towards the need for revised opacities. Our results show that this new indicator is a strong diagnostic of the overall evolution of the thermodynamical conditions at the base of the convective zone. The new entropy proxy indicator allows for a more accurate characterisation of the conditions at the base of the solar convective zone. While it already allows to rule out overshooting as a solution to the solar modelling problem, its sensitivity to the shape of the opacity modification and the evolution of the properties at the base of the convective zone makes it a powerful helioseismic diagnostic for solar models.