标题： 里德堡原子接收器的高分辨率量子传感：原理、实验与未来展望 显示英文标题

标题： High-Resolution Quantum Sensing with Rydberg Atomic Receiver: Principles, Experiments and Future Prospects

摘要： 使用里德堡原子的量子传感为下一代雷达系统提供了前所未有的机会，超越了经典系统在小型化和光谱敏捷性方面的局限。 为了实现这种雷达传感范式，本研究提出了一种基于新兴的里德堡原子接收器的量子增强型雷达接收架构，用厘米尺度的气室取代传统的天线到混频器链路。该方法基于电磁感应透明效应，并利用阿斯特-汤斯劈裂，通过外部同频参考，在原子介质内实现直接的射频到光学下变频。为了解决原子接收器瞬时带宽的固有限制，我们采用了一种非均匀步进频率合成策略，结合粗激光频率调谐与精细AC-Stark移位补偿。此外，我们建立了里德堡原子同相接收器的非线性响应模型，并提出了一种定制化的非线性补偿方法，将线性动态范围扩展超过7 dB。我们开发了一种压缩感知算法（CS-Rydberg），以抑制噪声并缓解欠采样问题。实验上，我们在1.6-1.9米范围内展示了一个紧凑型原型，实现了厘米级别的测距精度（均方根误差=1.06厘米）。通过合成GHz带宽（2.6-3.6 GHz），在受控稀疏场景下观察到可分辨目标分离距离低至15厘米。这些结果不仅验证了基于里德堡原子接收器的量子传感的可行性，还强调了该架构的内在可扩展性：通过利用原子的超宽带频谱响应，合成带宽可以大大超出当前范围，使未来雷达系统达到亚厘米级分辨率，同时保持量子可追溯校准和高度简化的前端。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms offers unprecedented opportunities for next-generation radar systems, transcending classical limitations in miniaturization and spectral agility. Implementing this paradigm for radar sensing, this work proposes a quantum-enhanced radar reception architecture enabled by the emerging Rydberg atomic receiver, replacing conventional antenna-to-mixer chains with a centimeter-scale vapor cell. The proposed approach is based on electromagnetically induced transparency with the Autler-Townes splitting enabling direct RF-to-optical downconversion within the atomic medium via an external co-frequency reference. To circumvent the intrinsic bottleneck on instantaneous bandwidth of atomic receiver, we invoke a non-uniform stepped-frequency synthesis strategy combining coarse laser frequency tuning with fine AC-Stark shift compensation. Additionally, we establish a nonlinear response model of the Rydberg atomic homodyne receiver and propose a customized nonlinear compensation method that extends the linear dynamic range by over 7 dB. We develop a compressive sensing algorithm (CS-Rydberg) to suppress noise and mitigate the undersampling problem. Experimentally, we demonstrate a compact prototype achieving centimeter-level ranging precision (RMSE = 1.06 cm) within 1.6-1.9 m. By synthesizing GHz-bandwidth (2.6-3.6 GHz), resolvable target separations down to 15 cm are observed under controlled sparse scenarios. These results not only validate the feasibility of quantum sensing based on Rydberg atomic receivers but also underscore the architecture's inherent scalability: by harnessing the atoms' ultra-broad spectral response, the synthesized bandwidth can be extended well beyond the current range, enabling sub-centimeter resolution in future radar systems while preserving quantum-traceable calibration and a highly simplified front end.