标题： 校园通勤——评估和比较不同通勤方式的框架 显示英文标题

标题： Mobility to Campus -- a Framework to Evaluate and Compare Different Mobility Modes

摘要： 交通部门占德国二氧化碳排放量的约20%，其中通勤交通贡献了很大一部分。特别是在公共交通不便使用的农村地区，私人汽车是通勤的常见选择，大多数通勤者独自驾车出行。整合部分这些行程有可能减少二氧化碳排放，并可以通过提供拼车（具有相似起终点的通勤者共享一辆车）或拼乘（通勤者由摆渡服务接送）等方式实现。 在这项研究中，我们提出了一种框架，用于评估引入新交通模式（如拼车和拼乘）以应对多个邻近地点通勤的潜力。我们以学生前往维尔茨堡大学的流动性为例测试了该框架，这所大学有多个校区位置，且有一个较大且相对乡村化的覆盖范围，现有的公共交通选项不方便使用，许多学生选择开车通勤。我们将学生的家庭地址数据与校园访问时间相结合，创建需求场景。在我们的案例研究中，我们将拼车和拼乘这两种交通模式与基准情况（学生独自开车通勤）进行了比较。我们发现，拼车有很大的潜力大幅减少排放，具体取决于愿意使用该服务的学生比例以及他们愿意步行到出发地点的程度。拼乘的好处不太明确，只有当摆渡车辆比学生的私家车更节能时才会显现。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The transport sector accounts for about 20% of German CO2 emissions, with commuter traffic contributing a significant part. Particularly in rural areas, where public transport is inconvenient to use, private cars are a common choice for commuting and most commuters travel alone in their cars. Consolidation of some of these trips has the potential to decrease CO2 emissions and could be achieved, e.g., by offering ridesharing (commuters with similar origin-destination pairs share a car) or ridepooling (commuters are picked up by shuttle services). In this study, we present a framework to assess the potential of introducing new mobility modes like ridesharing and ridepooling for commuting towards several locations in close vicinity to each other. We test our framework on the case of student mobility to the University of W\"urzburg, a university with several campus locations and a big and rather rural catchment area, where existing public transport options are inconvenient and many students commute by car. We combine data on student home addresses and campus visitation times to create demand scenarios. In our case study, we compare the mobility modes of ridesharing and ridepooling to the base case, where students travel by car on their own. We find that ridesharing has the potential to greatly reduce emissions, depending on the percentage of students willing to use the service and their willingness to walk to the departure location. The benefit of ridepooling is less clear, materializing only if the shuttle vehicles are more energy efficient than the student cars.