标题： 道路设计的生命周期评估工具：分析线性假设 显示英文标题

标题： Life cycle assessment tools for road design: analysing linearity assumptions

摘要： 道路基础设施显著影响人们的移动方式、生活方式以及与出行行为相关的排放量。 道路设计在缓解排放方面至关重要。 本文回顾了由各种实体开发的现有运输生命周期评估工具，这些工具可用于道路。 审查的重点是分析中使用的数据来源、估算二氧化碳排放的方法、用于估算的底层软件以及工具的任何限制。 生命周期评估分析中发现的一个关键问题是错误地假设被评估系统内的关系是线性的。 目前专注于交通基础设施评估的工具是基于生命周期评估分析的线性假设和局限性而开发的。 发现的一个重大研究空白是现有的生命周期评估工具并未与设计过程集成。 分析是对设计的附加过程，评估结果未被迭代用于改进设计。 关于集料路面设计的案例研究表明，路面面积与排放量显著相关，坡度调整可减少排放，土壤类型影响排放，这表明未来的研究应探索非线性关系以实现可持续的道路设计。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Road infrastructure significantly impacts how people move and live and the emissions associated with travel behaviour. The design of roads is crucial in mitigating emissions. This paper reviews existing transport life cycle assessment tools that have been developed by various entities and can be used for roads. The review focuses on data sources used in the analysis, methods of estimating carbon dioxide emissions, the underlying software that is used to make the estimates, and any limitations of the tools. A critical issue identified in life cycle assessment analysis is the erroneous assumption that relationships within the assessed systems are linear. The current tools focusing on transport infrastructure assessment were developed based on the linear assumptions and limitations of the life cycle assessment analysis. A significant research gap identified is that existing life cycle assessment tools are not integrated with the design process. The analysis is an add-on process to design and the results of an assessment are not then used iteratively to enhance the design. A case study on aggregate road design found that road area significantly correlates with emissions, slope adjustments reduce emissions, and soil type impacts emissions, suggesting future research should explore non-linear relationships for sustainable road design.