标题： 基于挑战的资助以激发起源突破 显示英文标题

标题： Challenge-Based Funding to Spark Origins Breakthroughs

摘要： 生命起源研究受到模糊的问题和目标的困扰，导致难以确定研究目标是否已经实现。 由于存在大量未知因素以及对定义和理论的分歧，该领域缺乏明确的进步标志。 我们认为，生命起源研究群体应关注具有共识意义的目标，并能够被一致归类为已实现或未实现的目标。 生命起源研究群体需要这些目标，在一个由多个问题组成的联合体中保持一致性，这些问题是共同但模糊的，即理解生命起源。 我们提出了一组具有明确“终点线”的挑战——如果每个目标达成，将明确描述所实现的内容——类似于X大奖模式。 其目的是不是强加自上而下的研究方向，而是促使该群体围绕优先级最高的明确问题凝聚起来，就像物理学、天文学和行星科学界在设定任务和大型项目科学目标时所做的那样。 即使所产生的现象并不明确地像生命，但展示出实现这些目标的系统将有助于明确区分生命本身与与生命同时出现的现象集合。 本文最初作为白皮书提交给了2025年NASA-DARES（十年天体生物学研究与探索战略）白皮书征集（https://go.nasa.gov/ABStrategyRFI）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Origins of life research is marred by ambiguous questions and goals, creating uncertainty about when research objectives have been achieved. Because of numerous unknowns and disagreements about definitions and theories, the field lacks clear markers of progress. We argue that the origins community should focus on goals that have agreed-upon meaning and can be consensually categorized as achieved or unachieved. The origins community needs these goals to maintain coherence amongst a federation of problems with the shared, but nebulous aspiration of understanding the origins of life. We propose a list of challenges with clear 'Finish Lines'--explicit descriptions of what will be achieved if each goal is reached--similar to the X-prize model. The intent is not to impose top-down research directions, but to compel the community to coalesce around explicit problems of the highest priority, as physics, astronomy, and planetary science communities do when setting science objectives for missions and megaprojects. Even if the generated phenomena are not unequivocally life-like, demonstrating systems that achieve these goals will sharpen the distinction between life itself and the constellation of phenomena that co-occur with life. This document was originally submitted as a whitepaper to the 2025 NASA-DARES (Decadal Astrobiology Research and Exploration Strategy) call for whitepapers (https://go.nasa.gov/ABStrategyRFI).