标题： 消光本地类星体在10$^{4-5}$年内的光度历史，如VLT/MUSE所观测到的 显示英文标题

标题： The luminosity history of fading local quasars over 10$^{4-5}$ years as observed by VLT/MUSE

摘要： 我们对五个多邻近活动星系进行了全面研究，这些星系具有大（数十千秒差距）的扩展发射线区（EELRs）。 该研究基于在甚大望远镜（VLT）上使用多单元光谱探测器（MUSE）进行的大格式积分场光谱观测。 电离气体和恒星组分的空间分辨动力学显示了旋转、双锥流出以及可能与过去相互作用相关的复杂行为。 对EELRs物理条件的分析表明，在这些系统中，活动星系核（AGN）是主要的电离源。 通过辐射转移模拟，我们将EELRs中的电离状态进行比较，以估算不同径向距离所需的AGN总光度。 然后，考虑到投影光行时间，我们重建了推断的AGN光度曲线。 我们发现，所有源在40,000至80,000年的时间尺度上，其固有AGN光度呈现出0.2-3 dex的衰减趋势，时间依赖性与先前对衰减AGN的研究一致。 这些结果支持了现有理论模型提出的假设，即大多数AGN在其吸积率上会在10,000至1,000,000年的时间尺度上出现显著波动。 这些结果为AGN活动的瞬态阶段提供了新的见解，涉及以前未探索的尺度及其通过各种反馈机制对其宿主星系的潜在长期影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a comprehensive study of five nearby active galaxies featuring large (tens of kpc) extended emission-line regions (EELRs). The study is based on large-format integral field spectroscopic observations conducted with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The spatially resolved kinematics of the ionized gas and stellar components show signs of rotation, bi-conical outflows, and complex behavior likely associated with past interactions. Analysis of the physical conditions of the EELRs indicates that in these systems, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is the primary ionization source. Using radiative transfer simulations, we compare the ionization state across the EELRs to estimate the required AGN bolometric luminosities at different radial distances. Then, considering the projected light travel time, we reconstruct the inferred AGN luminosity curves. We find that all sources are consistent with a fading trend in intrinsic AGN luminosity by 0.2--3 dex over timescales of 40,000--80,000 years, with a time dependence consistent with previous studies of fading AGNs. These results support the hypothesis that most AGN undergo significant fluctuations in their accretion rates over multiple timescales ranging from 10,000 to 1,000,000 years, as proposed by existing theoretical models. These results provide new insights into the transient phases of AGN activity at previously unexplored scales and their potential long-term impact on their host galaxies through various feedback mechanisms.