标题： 低维水的结构和流动 显示英文标题

标题： Structure and flow of low-dimensional water

摘要： 水，作为人类数千年来着迷的主题，很可能是地球上研究最深入的物质，有一个完整的科学领域——流体力学——专门用于理解运动中的水。 然而，当水通过一维或二维通道流动时，其行为与流体力学原理有显著不同。 这是因为降低任何相互作用物理系统的维度会增强传统流体力学方程无法涵盖的相互作用效应。 在低维水中，氢键可以变得足够稳定，使水分子排列成有序状态，导致水不仅表现出液体的特性，还在某些方面表现出固体的特性。 在本综述中，我们探讨了水的有序性与其在低维通道中流动能力之间的关系，并使用块体水、蒸汽和冰的粘度作为基准。 我们还简要概述了可用于此类分析的关键理论方法，并讨论了离子传输，这受到水分子结构的强烈影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Water, a subject of human fascination for millennia, is likely the most studied substance on Earth, with an entire scientific field -- hydrodynamics -- dedicated to understanding water in motion. However, when water flows through one-dimensional or two-dimensional channels, its behavior deviates substantially from the principles of hydrodynamics. This is because reducing the dimensionality of any interacting physical system amplifies interaction effects that are beyond the reach of traditional hydrodynamic equations. In low-dimensional water, hydrogen bonds can become stable enough to arrange water molecules into an ordered state, causing water to behave not only like a liquid but also like a solid in certain respects. In this review, we explore the relationship between water's ordering and its ability to flow in low-dimensional channels, using viscosities of bulk water, vapor, and ice as benchmarks. We also provide a brief overview of the key theoretical approaches available for such analyses and discuss ionic transport, which is heavily influenced by the molecular structure of water.