标题： 空间解析星系再电离的基本元素 显示英文标题

标题： Spatially Resolving the Fundamental Elements of Reionization in Galaxies

摘要： 宇宙再电离标志着一个关键时期，此时最早的星系通过莱曼连续体（LyC）辐射的逃逸电离了星际介质。 年轻的、大质量的星团被认为是主要的LyC源，但使LyC逃逸的物理机制仍不清楚。 大多数现有研究依赖于空间积分观测，这些观测缺乏解析内部星系结构和确定LyC光子逃逸位置和方式的分辨率。 为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个科学案例，用于宜居世界观测站（HWO），该观测站能够对低红移星系中的LyC发射星团及其环境进行空间分辨的光谱分析。 这需要一个覆盖至约900埃的紫外积分场单元（IFU）以及10-100 pc的空间分辨率——这些能力对于直接检测LyC逃逸和绘制周围的星际介质至关重要。 有了这样的仪器，我们将绘制星团尺度的LyC逃逸分数，描述周围星际介质的物理条件，并直接观察由反馈驱动的外流，这些外流有助于LyC泄漏。 这些观测将实现前所未有的空间分辨率下间接LyC指标的新校准，并建立本地LyC过程与高红移、块状恒星形成星系中过程之间的直接联系。 从长远来看，这个项目将构建理解星系如何再电离早期宇宙并塑造其后续演化的物理框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Cosmic reionization marks a critical epoch when the first galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium through the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) radiation. Young, massive star clusters are believed to be the primary LyC sources, yet the physical mechanisms enabling LyC escape remain poorly understood. Most existing studies rely on spatially integrated observations, which lack the resolution to resolve internal galaxy structure and pinpoint where and how LyC photons escape. To address this, we propose a science case for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) that enables spatially resolved spectroscopy of LyC-emitting star clusters and their environments in low-redshift galaxies. This requires a UV integral field unit (IFU) with coverage down to ~ 900 Angstrom and a spatial resolution of 10-100 pc-capabilities essential for directly detecting LyC escape and mapping the surrounding interstellar medium. With such instrumentation, we will map cluster-scale LyC escape fractions, characterize the physical conditions of the surrounding interstellar medium, and directly observe feedback-driven outflows that facilitate LyC leakage. These observations will enable novel calibrations of indirect LyC indicators at unprecedented spatial resolution and establish direct connections between local LyC processes and those in high-redshift, clumpy star-forming galaxies. In the long run, this program will build the physical framework needed to understand how galaxies reionized the early universe and shaped its subsequent evolution.