标题： 原始黑洞作为星系团暗物质和未解决的伽马射线背景 显示英文标题

标题： Primordial Black Holes as Coma Cluster Dark Matter and the Unresolved γ-Ray Background

摘要： 如果Coma星系团中0.1%的暗物质由质量范围在10^-19到10^-17个太阳质量之间的原初黑洞（PBHs）构成，那么该星系团观测到的GeV {\gamma }-射线辐射可能归因于霍金辐射。 发射光谱与黑洞质量成反比，这意味着质量较小的PBH会以更高的能量辐射，可能落在GeV范围内。 如果Coma星系团中0.1%的暗物质是这个质量范围内的PBH，则可以获得对星系团GeV辐射的拟合。 我们随后研究通过未解析伽马射线背景与弱引力透镜之间的交叉相关性来限制蒸发的PBH的可能性。 利用费米-LAT 12年的观测数据和暗能量调查第三年弱透镜测量数据，我们评估这种相关性是否能揭示PBH {\gamma }-射线成分。 尽管已经观察到UGRB与大尺度结构之间的统计显著相关性，但这一信号与来自聚集天体物理源（如耀变体）的辐射一致。 将UGRB的可测量部分归因于PBH蒸发将需要不现实大的PBH丰度。 我们还注意到一个被称为Draco X的类似Coma的X射线星系团，在红移z = 0.12处观测到。 这些系统以其来自热的、弥散的星系际气体的显著X射线辐射为特征，代表了大质量的引力束缚结构。 这些红移处的星系团的存在和特性提供了关键的宇宙学探针，有助于了解大尺度结构的形成和演化以及基本的宇宙学参数。 对Draco X和类似高红移星系团的进一步研究将提供对大尺度结构的额外约束。 显示英文摘要

摘要： If 0.1% of the dark matter in the Coma cluster is constituted by primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses ranging from 10^-19 to 10^-17 solar masses, then the observed GeV {\gamma}-ray emission from the cluster could potentially be attributed to Hawking radiation. The emitted spectrum is inversely proportional to the black hole's mass, meaning lighter PBHs radiate at higher energies, potentially falling within the GeV range. If 0.1% of the Coma cluster's dark matter is PBH in this mass range, a fit to the cluster's GeV emission is obtained. We then investigate the potential for constraining evaporating PBHs through cross-correlations between the Unresolved Gamma-Ray Background and weak gravitational lensing. Utilizing 12 years of Fermi-LAT observations and weak lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3, we assess whether such correlations can reveal a PBH {\gamma}-ray component. While a statistically significant correlation between the UGRB and large-scale structure has been observed, this signal is consistent with emission from clustered astrophysical sources such as blazars. Attributing a measurable fraction of the UGRB to PBH evaporation would require unrealistically large PBH abundances. We also draw attention to a cluster of Coma-like X-ray clusters, designated Draco X, observed at a redshift of z = 0.12. These systems, characterized by their significant X-ray emission from hot, diffuse intracluster gas, represent massive gravitationally bound structures. The existence and properties of such clusters at these redshifts provide crucial cosmological probes, offering insights into the formation and evolution of large-scale structure and the underlying cosmological parameters. Further investigation of Draco X and similar high-redshift clusters would yield additional constraints on large scale structure.