标题： ASTARS 驱动的城市峡谷和室内环境卫星定位方法 显示英文标题

标题： ASTARS empowered Satellite Positioning Approach for Urban Canyons and Indoor Environments

摘要： 为减轻城市峡谷和室内环境中卫星导航信号的损失，我们提出了一种由主动同时发射和反射可重构智能表面（ASTARS）增强的卫星定位方法。 部署在建筑结构上的ASTARS在城市峡谷中将导航信号反射到室外接收器，并在室内传输信号以绕过障碍物，为非视距（NLoS）区域的接收器提供高精度定位服务。 ASTARS与接收器之间的路径定义为扩展视距（ELoS）路径，并推导出一种改进的载波相位观测方程以适应该路径。 接收器通过网络时间同步补偿其时钟偏差，通过距离校正算法将实际信号路径距离校正为卫星到接收器的距离，并通过最小二乘（LS）方法确定其位置。 对所提出方法引入的误差进行了数学建模，随后进行仿真分析以评估其影响。 仿真结果表明：1）在GNSS信号被阻断的区域，当时间同步精度在10 ns误差范围内时，所提出的方法为室内外接收器提供的定位服务误差不超过4 m，优于传统NLoS方法，传统NLoS方法的定位误差超过7 m；2）对于时间同步误差在10 ns以内的情况，所提出方法引入的附加误差不超过3 m，这包括相位偏移、波束宽度误差、时间同步误差和卫星分布误差，优于传统NLoS方法，传统NLoS方法通常产生超过5 m的定位误差。 显示英文摘要

摘要： To mitigate the loss of satellite navigation signals in urban canyons and indoor environments, we propose an active simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (ASTARS) empowered satellite positioning approach. Deployed on building structures, ASTARS reflects navigation signals to outdoor receivers in urban canyons and transmits signals indoors to bypass obstructions, providing high-precision positioning services to receivers in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) areas. The path between ASTARS and the receiver is defined as the extended line-of-sight (ELoS) path and an improved carrier phase observation equation is derived to accommodate that. The receiver compensates for its clock bias through network time synchronization, corrects the actual signal path distance to the satellite-to-receiver distance through a distance correction algorithm, and determines its position by using the least squares (LS) method. Mathematical modeling of the errors introduced by the proposed method is conducted, followed by simulation analysis to assess their impact. Simulation results show that: 1) in areas where GNSS signals are blocked, with time synchronization accuracy within a 10 ns error range, the proposed method provides positioning services with errors not exceeding 4 m for both indoor and outdoor receivers, outperforming conventional NLoS methods with positioning errors of more than 7 m; 2) the additional errors introduced by the proposed method do not exceed 3 m for time synchronization errors within 10 ns, which includes the phase shift, beamwidth error, time synchronization errors, and satellite distribution errors, outperforming traditional NLoS methods, which typically produce positioning errors greater than 5 m.