标题： 多元文化社会中的身份与合作：一项实验研究 显示英文标题

标题： Identity and Cooperation in Multicultural Societies: An Experimental Investigation

摘要： 移民塑造了许多国家，带来了将移民融入社会的挑战。 尽管经济学家经常关注移民与本地人相比的经济结果（如教育、劳动力市场成功和健康），但移民与本地人之间的社会互动同样至关重要。 这些互动，从日常交流到团队合作，往往缺乏可执行的合同，需要合作以避免冲突并实现高效的结果。 然而，社会经济、种族和文化差异可能会阻碍合作。 因此，评估融合还应考虑其对促进不同群体间合作的影响。 本文研究了激发不同的身份维度如何影响移民青年和本地青年之间的合作。 移民身份既包括与原籍国的种族联系，也包括与东道国的联系。 我们测试了通过突出特定身份是否能改善合作：共同身份（共享社会）、多元文化身份（社会中的种族群体）或中立身份。 在一项涉及390多名青少年的实地实验室实验中，参与者被随机分配到这些激发条件之一，并玩了一个公共物品游戏。 结果显示，在基线时，移民比本地人合作性高出13%。当本地人的多元文化身份被激发时，他们的合作性增加了约3个百分点，缩小了与移民同龄人的初始差距。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Immigration has shaped many nations, posing the challenge of integrating immigrants into society. While economists often focus on immigrants' economic outcomes compared to natives (such as education, labor market success, and health) social interactions between immigrants and natives are equally crucial. These interactions, from everyday exchanges to teamwork, often lack enforceable contracts and require cooperation to avoid conflicts and achieve efficient outcomes. However, socioeconomic, ethnic, and cultural differences can hinder cooperation. Thus, evaluating integration should also consider its impact on fostering cooperation across diverse groups. This paper studies how priming different identity dimensions affects cooperation between immigrant and native youth. Immigrant identity includes both ethnic ties to their country of origin and connections to the host country. We test whether cooperation improves by making salient a specific identity: Common identity (shared society), Multicultural identity (ethnic group within society), or Neutral identity. In a lab in the field experiment with over 390 adolescents, participants were randomly assigned to one of these priming conditions and played a Public Good Game. Results show that immigrants are 13 percent more cooperative than natives at baseline. Natives increase cooperation by about 3 percentage points when their multicultural identity is primed, closing the initial gap with immigrant peers.