标题： Kappa分布的超统计语言 显示英文标题

标题： Kappa distributions in the language of superstatistics

摘要： 速度的kappa分布经常出现在研究地球磁层中的无碰撞等离子体、太阳风以及其他粒子无法达到热平衡的背景下。最初是通过使用Tsallis的非广延统计来证明的，现在有其他框架提供了对这些分布的见解，例如超统计。在本工作中，我们回顾了在超统计框架下无碰撞等离子体的多粒子和单粒子kappa分布的推导，作为使用非广延统计的替代方法。我们还展示了超统计框架在计算kappa分布下的期望值方面的实用性。还讨论了超统计形式主义在kappa分布等离子体的相关性、温度和熵方面的某些后果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The kappa distribution of velocities appears routinely in the study of collisionless plasmas present in Earth's magnetosphere, the solar wind among other contexts where particles are unable to reach thermal equilibrium. Originally justified through the use of Tsallis' non-extensive statistics, nowadays there are alternative frameworks that provide insight into these distributions, such as superstatistics. In this work we review the derivation of the multi-particle and single-particle kappa distributions for collisionless plasmas within the framework of superstatistics, as an alternative to the use of non-extensive statistics. We also show the utility of the superstatistical framework in the computation of expectation values under kappa distributions. Some consequences of the superstatistical formalism regarding correlations, temperature and entropy of kappa-distributed plasmas are also discussed.