标题： 纳米颗粒和量子点作为新兴的光学传感平台用于$\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}$检测：近期方法与展望 显示英文标题

标题： Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots as Emerging Optical Sensing Platforms for $\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}$ Detection: Recent Approaches and Perspectives

摘要： 在过去几年中，镍（Ni）及其化合物在人类社会生活的各个方面、冶金/工业制造、医疗保健和化学过程中被越来越多地使用。 尽管Ni被认为是生物系统中的必需微量元素，但过量摄入或 \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) 离子的代谢缺陷可能对生物体造成有害的健康影响。 因此，对 \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) 的简便而准确的检测，尤其是在环境和生物环境中，具有重要意义。 作为一种高效的检测方法，使用光学（比色和/或荧光）传感器测定 \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) 经历了一个相当快速的发展时期，有许多出色的研究成果。 基于纳米材料的光学传感器，包括金属纳米颗粒（MNPs）、量子点（QDs）和碳点（CDs），相比传统的有机和无机小分子传感器具有明显的优势。 本研究主要综述了各种光学纳米传感器设计策略在选择性检测 \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) 离子方面的最新进展和挑战。 还重点比较了各种纳米传感器的传感性能，并探讨了未来的发展前景。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Over the preceding years, nickel (Ni) and its compounds have been increasingly employed in various aspects of human social life, metallurgical/industrial manufactures, healthcare, and chemical processes. Although Ni is considered an essential trace element in biological systems, excessive intake or metabolic deficiency of \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) ions may cause detrimental health effects to living organisms. Therefore, a facile and accurate detection of \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\), especially in environmental and biological settings, is of huge significance. As an efficient detection method, assaying \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) using optical (colorimetric and/or fluorogenic) sensors has experienced quite a vigorous growth period, with a large number of excellent research contributions. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors, including metal nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon dots (CDs), offer distinct advantages over conventional small-molecule organic and inorganic sensors. This study mainly provides an overview of the recent advancements and challenges related to the design strategies of various optical nanosensors to selectively detect the \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) ion. Emphasis has also been placed on comparing the sensing performance of various nanosensors, along with exploring future perspectives.