标题： 层次结构还是异层结构？ 感觉运动大脑长程连接的理论 显示英文标题

标题： Hierarchy or Heterarchy? A Theory of Long-Range Connections for the Sensorimotor Brain

摘要： 在传统对新皮层的理解中，感觉信息沿着区域的层级向上流动，每一层处理越来越复杂的特征。 信息也通过一组不同的连接向下流动。 尽管层级模型有大量支持，但许多解剖学连接并不符合标准的层级解释。 此外，层级排列的区域有时以并行方式响应，而不是像层级结构中那样按顺序发生。 这种现象和其他证据表明，两个区域可以同时以并行和层级的方式运作。 考虑到这种灵活性，“异层级”这个词可能更适合描述新皮层的组织结构。 本文提出了一种新的解释，说明感觉和运动信息如何在新皮层中被处理。 我们提议的关键是我们称之为“千脑理论”的观点，该理论认为每个皮层柱都是一个感觉运动学习系统。 柱体通过整合传感器在多次运动中的感觉输入来学习。 在这种观点下，甚至初级和次级区域，如V1和V2，也可以学习和识别完整的三维物体。 这表明区域之间的层级连接用于学习由较小子对象组成的父对象的组合结构。 我们通过检查皮层区域之间以及新皮层与丘脑之间的不同类型长距离连接来解释这一理论。 我们描述了这些连接，然后在感觉运动区域的异层级背景下提出了它们的具体作用。 我们还提出，丘脑在转换物体和传感器之间的姿态中起着关键作用。 我们在这里主张的新视角对神经科学和人工智能都有广泛的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In the traditional understanding of the neocortex, sensory information flows up a hierarchy of regions, with each level processing increasingly complex features. Information also flows down the hierarchy via a different set of connections. Although the hierarchical model has significant support, many anatomical connections do not conform to the standard hierarchical interpretation. In addition, hierarchically arranged regions sometimes respond in parallel, not sequentially as would occur in a hierarchy. This and other evidence suggests that two regions can act in parallel and hierarchically at the same time. Given this flexibility, the word "heterarchy" might be a more suitable term to describe neocortical organization. This paper proposes a new interpretation of how sensory and motor information is processed in the neocortex. The key to our proposal is what we call the "Thousand Brains Theory", which posits that every cortical column is a sensorimotor learning system. Columns learn by integrating sensory input over multiple movements of a sensor. In this view, even primary and secondary regions, such as V1 and V2, can learn and recognize complete 3D objects. This suggests that the hierarchical connections between regions are used to learn the compositional structure of parent objects composed of smaller child objects. We explain the theory by examining the different types of long-range connections between cortical regions and between the neocortex and thalamus. We describe these connections, and then suggest the specific roles they play in the context of a heterarchy of sensorimotor regions. We also suggest that the thalamus plays an essential role in transforming the pose between objects and sensors. The novel perspective we argue for here has broad implications for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence.