标题： 量子理论的磁光陷阱 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum theory of magneto-optical trap

摘要： 我们从第一性原理出发，基于原子密度矩阵的量子动力学方程，提出了一种考虑原子与激光场相互作用引起的反冲效应的磁光阱（MOT）量子理论。 提出了一种求解量子动力学方程的有效方法。 结果表明，描述MOT中原子的稳态解具有显著的非平衡性质，可以在双温度分布的框架内进行描述。 MOT中冷原子的动量分布取决于磁场梯度，并且通常与通常用于描述MOT的光学粘滞中的原子动量分布有显著差异。 我们还表明，随着磁场梯度的增加，在忽略原子间相互作用的情况下，即使在单粒子近似下，也会在陷阱中形成原子的空间双组分分布。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a quantum theory of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) from first principles based on the quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix with taking into account the recoil effects caused by the interaction of atoms with the laser field. An efficient method for solving the quantum kinetic equation is proposed. It is shown that the steady-state solution describing the atoms in the MOT has a significantly non-equilibrium nature and can be described within the framework of a two-temperature distribution. The momentum distribution of cold atoms in the MOT depends on the magnetic field gradient and, in general, significantly differs from the momentum distribution of atoms in the optical molasses, which is usually used as an approximation to describe the MOT. We have also shown that with an increase in the magnetic field gradient, a spatial two-component distribution of atoms in the trap is formed even for a single particle approximation when interatomic interactions are neglected.