标题： 使用半监督深度学习检测DESI遗产成像巡天中的星系环 显示英文标题

标题： Detecting Galactic Rings in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys with Semi-Supervised Deep Learning

摘要： 盘状星系的环状结构对于理解星系演化和动力学至关重要。 然而，由于环状星系数量稀少且识别存在挑战，传统方法往往难以高效获得统计上显著的样本。 为了解决这个问题，本研究采用了一种新颖的半监督深度学习模型GC-SWGAN，旨在从DESI遗产成像调查的高分辨率图像中识别星系环。 我们从南方环状星系目录（CSRG）和GZ2目录中的北方环状星系（GZ2-CNRG）中选择了超过5,000个经形态学专家R. J. Buta验证的环状星系，以创建一个带注释的训练集。 此外，我们还从Galaxy Zoo 2数据集中纳入了严格选择的非环状星系样本，并利用DESI遗产调查的未标记数据来训练我们的模型。 通过半监督学习，该模型显著减少了对大量标注数据的依赖，同时提高了鲁棒性和泛化能力。 在测试集上，它在识别环状星系方面表现出色。 在概率阈值为0.5的情况下，分类准确率达到97%，环状星系的精确率和召回率分别为94%和93%。 基于这些结果，我们预测了DESI遗产成像调查中r波段视亮度小于17.0且红移范围在0.0005 < z < 0.25的750,000张星系图像，编制了目前最大的环状星系目录，包含62,962个具有环状结构的星系。 该目录为后续研究星系环的形成机制和演化历史提供了关键数据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The ring structures of disk galaxies are vital for understanding galaxy evolution and dynamics. However, due to the scarcity of ringed galaxies and challenges in their identification, traditional methods often struggle to efficiently obtain statistically significant samples. To address this, this study employs a novel semi-supervised deep learning model, GC-SWGAN, aimed at identifying galaxy rings from high-resolution images of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. We selected over 5,000 confirmed ringed galaxies from the Catalog of Southern Ringed Galaxies (CSRG) and the Northern Ringed Galaxies from the GZ2 catalog (GZ2-CNRG), both verified by morphology expert R. J. Buta, to create an annotated training set. Additionally, we incorporated strictly selected non-ringed galaxy samples from the Galaxy Zoo 2 dataset and utilized unlabelled data from DESI Legacy Surveys to train our model. Through semi-supervised learning, the model significantly reduced reliance on extensive annotated data while enhancing robustness and generalization. On the test set, it demonstrated exceptional performance in identifying ringed galaxies. With a probability threshold of 0.5, the classification accuracy reached 97\%, with precision and recall for ringed galaxies at 94\% and 93\%, respectively. Building on these results, we predicted 750,000 galaxy images from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys with r-band apparent magnitudes less than 17.0 and redshifts in the range 0.0005 < z < 0.25, compiling the largest catalog of ringed galaxies to date, containing 62,962 galaxies with ring structures. This catalog provides essential data for subsequent research on the formation mechanisms and evolutionary history of galaxy rings.