标题： 校准的稀土原子数据用于千新星辐射转移。 I. 原子结构和不透明度 显示英文标题

标题： Calibrated Lanthanide Atomic Data for Kilonova Radiative Transfer. I. Atomic Structure and Opacities

摘要： 千新星（KN）AT2017gfo在双中子星合并GW170817之后的早期光谱显示出由r过程核合成产物形成的许多特征。尽管检测到了少数几种元素，但没有第三峰元素被明确识别，因为进行辐射转移建模所需的原子数据量极大。虽然现在许多元素的全面原子数据（包括原子消光系数）已经可用，但波长校准的数据仅限于少数几种离子。为了研究从La（Z = 57）到Yb（Z = 70）的所有单电离和双电离镧系元素的原子消光系数，我们使用FAC代码进行了原子结构计算。我们的计算结合了局部中心势的创新优化以及所考虑的组态数量，同时还采用了一种校准技术，旨在提高理论和实验原子能级之间的吻合度。我们评估了计算数据的准确性，包括能级和电偶极（E1）跃迁强度，以及它们对KN消光系数的影响。我们发现强跃迁（$\log(gf)>-1$）与实验和半经验计算结果有良好的一致性。对于具有大量实验数据的离子，计算出的消光系数与之前的计算结果有良好的一致性。通过用实验数据校准低能级，我们已识别出66,591条具有实验校准波长信息的跃迁，使得未来通过辐射转移建模进行镧系元素线识别成为可能。总之，我们的计算涵盖了28种离子，产生了低于电离阈值的146,856个能级以及这些能级之间的28,690,443条跃迁。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The early spectra of the kilonova (KN) AT2017gfo following the binary neutron star merger GW170817 exhibit numerous features shaped by r-process nucleosynthesis products. Although a few species were tentatively detected, no third-peak elements were unambiguously identified, as the amount of atomic data required for radiative transfer modeling is immense. Although comprehensive atomic data, including atomic opacities, is now available for many elements, wavelength-calibrated data remains limited to a select few ions. To examine the atomic opacities of all singly and doubly ionized lanthanides, from La (Z = 57) to Yb (Z = 70), we perform atomic structure calculations using the FAC code. Our calculations incorporate an innovative optimization of the local central potential and the number of configurations considered, alongside a calibration technique aimed at enhancing agreement between theoretical and experimental atomic energy levels. We assess the accuracy of the computed data, including energy levels and electric dipole (E1) transition strengths, as well as their impact on KN opacities. We find that strong transitions ($\log(gf)>-1$) are in good agreement with both experiments and semi-empirical calculations. For ions with substantial experimental data, the computed opacities exhibit good agreement with prior calculations. By calibrating low-lying energy levels with experimental data, we have identified 66,591 transitions with experimentally calibrated wavelength information, rendering future lanthanide line identifications through radiative transfer modeling feasible. In total, our calculations encompass 28 ions, yielding 146,856 energy levels below the ionization threshold and 28,690,443 transitions among these levels.