标题： 经颅聚焦超声用于识别意识感知的神经基础 显示英文标题

标题： Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Identifying the Neural Substrate of Conscious Perception

摘要： 确定哪些大脑活动方面负责意识感知仍然是科学中最具挑战性的问题之一。 尽管通过使用脑电图（EEG）和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的心理物理研究已经取得了一些进展，但通过改进的方法在健康人类受试者中刺激大脑，研究将大大受益。 传统的通过颅骨进行神经刺激的技术，包括电刺激或磁刺激，由于空间分辨率较低，且在高空间选择性地靶向深层大脑结构方面能力有限。 在过去十年中，一种新的工具——经颅聚焦超声（tFUS）出现了，它能够通过颅骨以毫米级的空间分辨率安全且非侵入性地刺激人脑，包括皮层以及深层大脑结构。 这一工具为意识研究的突破提供了令人兴奋的机会。 鉴于与tFUS测试相关的大量准备工作和监管批准，仔细的实验规划是必不可少的。 因此，我们在这里的目标是为在人类中使用tFUS探索意识感知的神经底物提供一个路线图。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Identifying what aspects of brain activity are responsible for conscious perception remains one of the most challenging problems in science. While progress has been made through psychophysical studies employing EEG and fMRI, research would greatly benefit from improved methods for stimulating the brain in healthy human subjects. Traditional techniques for neural stimulation through the skull, including electrical or magnetic stimulation, suffer from coarse spatial resolution and have limited ability to target deep brain structures with high spatial selectivity. Over the past decade, a new tool has emerged known as transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), which enables the human brain to be stimulated safely and non-invasively through the skull with millimeter-scale spatial resolution, including cortical as well as deep brain structures. This tool offers an exciting opportunity for breakthroughs in consciousness research. Given the extensive preparation and regulatory approvals associated with tFUS testing, careful experimental planning is essential. Therefore, our goal here is to provide a roadmap for using tFUS in humans for exploring the neural substrate of conscious perception.