标题： 涌现的软化和硬化决定了活性细丝的输运 显示英文标题

标题： Emergent Softening and Stiffening Dictate Transport of Active Filaments

摘要： 活性半柔性丝状物在各种生物物理过程中起着关键作用，但由于可控的合成系统稀缺，对其单丝行为的了解主要依赖于理论和模拟。 在此，我们提出了一种由介电胶体粒子组成的活性半柔性丝状物的实验平台，该平台通过交变电场激活，产生收缩或拉伸的电水动力（EHD）流动。 我们的实验表明，产生收缩流动的丝状物会变软，显著扩展了可访问构象的范围，而由拉伸流动单体组成的丝状物则表现出主动硬化。 通过独立调节丝状物的弹性与活性，我们证明了沿丝状物的弹性恢复力与出现的流体力学相互作用之间的竞争决定了构象动力学。 至关重要的是，我们发现构象动力学的时间尺度直接决定了运输行为：增强的波动促进扩散，而硬化则促进非线性丝状物的定向推进。 总之，我们的直接可视化研究阐明了固有丝状物特性、微观活性和涌现运输之间的联系，同时建立了一个多功能的合成丝状活性物质实验平台。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Active semiflexible filaments are crucial in various biophysical processes, yet insights into their single-filament behavior have predominantly relied on theory and simulations, owing to the scarcity of controllable synthetic systems. Here, we present an experimental platform of active semiflexible filaments composed of dielectric colloidal particles, activated by an alternating electric field that induces contractile or extensile electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows. Our experiments reveal that contractile flow generating filaments undergo softening, significantly expanding the range of accessible conformations, whereas filaments composed of extensile flow monomers exhibit active stiffening. By independently tuning filament elasticity and activity, we demonstrate that the competition between elastic restoring forces and emergent hydrodynamic interactions along the filament governs conformational dynamics. Crucially, we discover that the timescale of conformational dynamics directly governs transport behavior: enhanced fluctuations promote diffusion while stiffening facilitates directed propulsion of nonlinear filaments. Together, our direct visualization studies elucidate the links between inherent filament properties, microscopic activity, and emergent transport while establishing a versatile experimental platform of synthetic filamentous active matter.