标题： 美国学校安全和隐私教学标准的制定 显示英文标题

标题： Characterizing Security and Privacy Teaching Standards for Schools in the United States

摘要： 越来越多的学生在他们的基础教育和中等教育阶段（美国的K-12年级）就开始学习安全和隐私方面的知识。 美国各州和一些全国性组织会发布教学标准——说明学生应学习内容的指导文件——这些标准通常构成了课程大纲的基础。 然而，研究尚未探讨这些标准涵盖了哪些内容，以及这些主题是否与更广泛的安全和隐私社区认为学生应该了解的内容一致。 为了阐明这些问题，我们首先收集了所有美国州和八个全国性组织的计算机科学教学标准。 在手动检查总共11,954条标准后，我们将其中的3,778条标记为与安全和隐私相关，并进一步将这些标准分类为103个主题。 主题范围从加密、网络安全和嵌入式系统等技术主题，到法律、伦理和适当的在线行为等社会主题。 随后，我们采访了11位安全和隐私专业人士，以检查教学标准与他们的期望之间的一致性。 我们发现，虽然他们提到的具体主题大多与现有标准中的主题重叠，但专业人士更加重视威胁建模和安全思维。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Increasingly, students begin learning aspects of security and privacy during their primary and secondary education (grades K-12 in the United States). Individual U.S. states and some national organizations publish teaching standards -- guidance that outlines expectations for what students should learn -- which often form the basis for course curricula. However, research has not yet examined what is covered by these standards and whether the topics align with what the broader security and privacy community thinks students should know. To shed light on these questions, we started by collecting computer science teaching standards from all U.S. states and eight national organizations. After manually examining a total of 11,954 standards, we labeled 3,778 of them as being related to security and privacy, further classifying these into 103 topics. Topics ranged from technical subjects like encryption, network security, and embedded systems to social subjects such as laws, ethics, and appropriate online behavior. Subsequently, we interviewed 11 security and privacy professionals to examine how the teaching standards align with their expectations. We found that, while the specific topics they mentioned mostly overlapped with those of existing standards, professionals placed a greater emphasis on threat modeling and security mindset.