标题： 伪规范不变非平衡密度算符 显示英文标题

标题： Pseudo-gauge invariant non-equilibrium density operator

摘要： 我们得到一种局部热平衡密度算符的形式，该形式在应力-能量张量和自旋张量的伪规范变换下是不变的。 该算符是一个描述系统动力学的优秀候选，该系统被假定从一个伪规范不变的量子态达到局部平衡，这种情况被认为会发生，例如在极高能量的核碰撞中。 由于伪规范不变性，从局部平衡态预测可观测量的平均值的歧义可以被消除。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We obtain a form of the local thermodynamic equilibrium density operator which is invariant under pseudo-gauge transformations of the stress-energy and the spin tensors. This operator is an excellent candidate to describe the dynamics of a system which is assumed to achieve local equilibrium from a pseudo-gauge invariant quantum state, a situation which is believed to occur, for instance, in nuclear collisions at very high energy. As a consequence of pseudo-gauge invariance, the ambiguity affecting the predictions of mean values of observables from a local equilibrium state can be removed.