标题： 一种针对TRIDENT的混合-DOM设计的成本有效优化 显示英文标题

标题： A Cost Effective Optimization of the hybrid-DOM Design for TRIDENT

摘要： TRIDENT 是一项计划中的多立方千米深海中微子望远镜，将在南海建造，旨在以对所有中微子味的灵敏度快速发现高能天体物理中微子源。 在规模上实现这一点需要一种平衡性能与功耗、成本和机械简单性的探测器设计。 本研究提出了 TRIDENT 混合数字光学模块（hDOM）设计的成本效益优化，比较了使用高量子效率（QE）的 3 英寸光电倍增管（PMT）和较大 4 英寸 PMT 的配置，后者在基线和增强 QE 假设下进行了评估。 通过结合特定地点海水光学特性和现实背景的完整链路探测器模拟，我们评估了从 1 TeV 到 10 PeV 范围内所有中微子味的探测效率、方向重建以及 τ 中微子味识别性能。 我们发现，如果 4 英寸 PMT 能达到与 3 英寸 PMT 相当的 QE，它们的性能可与 3 英寸设计相匹配或超越，同时显著减少通道数、功耗和成本。 这些发现支持 4 英寸 PMT hDOM 作为 TRIDENT 未来设备的一种有前景且可扩展的选择。 显示英文摘要

摘要： TRIDENT is a planned multi-cubic-kilometer deep-sea neutrino telescope to be built in the South China Sea, designed to rapidly discover high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources with sensitivity to all neutrino flavors. Achieving this at scale requires a detector design that balances performance with power, cost, and mechanical simplicity. This study presents a cost-effective optimization of TRIDENT's hybrid Digital Optical Module (hDOM) design, comparing configurations using high-quantum-efficiency (QE) 3-inch PMTs and larger 4-inch PMTs, the latter evaluated with both baseline and enhanced QE assumptions. Using full-chain detector simulations incorporating site-specific seawater optical properties and realistic backgrounds, we assess performance in all-flavor neutrino detection efficiency, directional reconstruction, and tau neutrino flavor identification from 1 TeV to 10 PeV. We find that if 4-inch PMTs can achieve QE comparable to 3-inch PMTs, their performance matches or improves upon that of the 3-inch design, while significantly reducing channel count, power consumption, and cost. These findings support the 4-inch PMT hDOM as a promising and scalable choice for TRIDENT's future instrumentation.