标题： 在量子计算机上探测格点规范理论中的强子散射 显示英文标题

标题： Probing Hadron Scattering in Lattice Gauge Theories on Qudit Quantum Computers

摘要： 量子模拟在高能物理领域蓬勃发展的总体目标是利用量子计算机进行散射过程微观动力学的第一性原理研究。 目前，由于系统尺寸较小以及对规范场的两态表示限制，这在最先进的量子模拟器中受到阻碍。 在此，我们提出了高效且实验可行的数字多子量子电路，用于研究$\mathrm{U}(1)$量子链格点规范理论的远离平衡淬火动力学，其中电场和规范场被表示为自旋-$1$算符。 通过专用的数值模拟，我们在这些提出的电路中探测该模型中的散射过程，重点关注介子-介子和介子-反介子碰撞。 后者在场的两态表示下是不可能实现的，突显了多子在探索与量子电动力学相关的散射过程中的适用性。 所探测的散射动力学展示了丰富的物理现象，包括介子-反介子碰撞中介子翻转以及作为规范耦合强度函数的反射-透射转变。 我们的模拟包括去相位和去极化的真实噪声模型，与无噪声的精确动力学表现出非常好的一致性，表明当前的多子平台已经具备观测微观散射动力学的能力，其电路深度显著低于相应的量子比特平台。 显示英文摘要

摘要： An overarching goal in the flourishing field of quantum simulation for high-energy physics is the first-principles study of the microscopic dynamics of scattering processes on a quantum computer. Currently, this is hampered by small system sizes and a restriction to two-level representations of the gauge fields in state-of-the-art quantum simulators. Here, we propose efficient experimentally feasible digital qudit quantum circuits for far-from-equilibrium quench dynamics of a $\mathrm{U}(1)$ quantum link lattice gauge theory, where the electric and gauge fields are represented as spin-$1$ operators. Using dedicated numerical simulations, we probe scattering processes in this model on these proposed circuits, focusing on meson-meson and meson-antimeson collisions. The latter are not possible with a two-level representation of the fields, highlighting the suitability of qudits in exploring scattering processes relevant to quantum electrodynamics. The probed scattering dynamics showcases rich physics, including meson flipping and a reflection-transmission transition in meson-antimeson collisions as a function of the gauge coupling strength. Our simulations, which include realistic noise models of dephasing and depolarization, show very good agreement with the exact noiseless dynamics, signaling the readiness of current qudit platforms to observe microscopic scattering dynamics with significantly shallower circuit depths than their qubit counterparts.