标题： 太阳针状体、丝状体和太阳风折返 显示英文标题

标题： Solar Spicules, Filigrees and Solar Wind Switchbacks

摘要： 尖状体是日冕层中普遍存在的最小的可观测喷流状动态特征，它们可能是小尺度太阳风瞬变的重要潜在来源，但尚需支持证据。 我们研究了大熊湖太阳天文台（BBSO）的高分辨率H-α图像（0.10''）和磁图（0.29''），发现尖状体是帕克太阳探测器（PSP）检测到的太阳风磁性回转现象的理想候选者。 尖状体并不是日冕喷流的微型版本，而是具有其他太阳候选者中未发现的独特特性，有助于解释回转现象的太阳起源。 (1) 本研究中的尖状体起源于丝状结构，且全部处于单一磁极性。由于丝状结构是开放场的足点，尖状体引导的磁场线可以形成单一磁极的漏斗，这是创建SB区域（一组从一个共同基底磁极性切换到另一个磁极性的磁场线）所必需的。 (2) 尖状体以簇的形式沿着超granulation边界排列，其空间间隔的模拟等待时间呈现从几秒到约30分钟连续减少的分布，与回转现象类似。 (3) 从尖状体的时间-距离图中，我们估计其发生率为每Mm²和秒0.55个尖状体，足以被PSP检测到。 此外，还简要讨论了尖状体与日冕喷流的不同之处，包括缺乏基底增亮以及与极紫外辐射的相关性较低。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Spicules, the smallest observable jet-like dynamic features ubiquitous in the chromosphere, are supposedly an important potential source for small-scale solar wind transients, with supporting evidence yet needed. We studied the high-resolution H-alpha images (0.10'') and magnetograms (0.29'') from Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) to find that spicules are an ideal candidate for the solar wind magnetic switchbacks detected by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP). It is not that spicules are a miniature of coronal jets, but that they have unique properties not found in other solar candidates in explaining solar origin of switchbacks. (1) The spicules under this study originate from filigrees, all in a single magnetic polarity. Since filigrees are known as footpoints of open fields, the spicule guiding field lines can form a unipolar funnel, which is needed to create an SB patch, a group of fieldlines that switch from one common base polarity to the other polarity. (2) The spicules come in a cluster lined up along a supergranulation boundary, and the simulated waiting times from their spatial intervals exhibit a number distribution continuously decreasing from a few sec to ~30 min, similar to that of switchbacks. (3) From a time-distance map for spicules, we estimate their occurrence rate as 0.55 spicules per Mm^2 and second, sufficiently high for detection by PSP. In addition the dissimilarity of spicules with coronal jets, including the absence of base brightening and low correlation with EUV emission is briefly discussed.