标题： 部分子分布函数及其推广 显示英文标题

标题： Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations

摘要： 本文是对部分子分布函数及其推广的介绍，这些函数描述了强子中的夸克和胶子结构，并可以在各种高能散射过程中进行测量。 我们提供了理论背景，强调了历史和最近的发展，解释了不同函数之间的联系，并说明在哪些过程中可以获取这些函数以及我们可以从中了解到关于强子结构的哪些信息。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This article is an introduction to parton distribution functions and their generalizations which describe the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, and can be measured in various high-energy scattering processes. We provide the theoretical background, highlight both historical and recent developments, explain the connections between the different functions, and expose in which processes these functions can be accessed and what we can learn from them about hadron structure.