标题： 切割软材料：材料差异如何影响响应 显示英文标题

标题： Cutting soft materials: how material differences shape the response

摘要： 切割软材料是一个复杂的进程，由体的大变形、界面软断裂以及与切割工具的接触力之间的相互作用所控制。 现有的实验表征和数值模型常常无法捕捉到观察到的切割行为的多样性，尤其是从压入到切割的转变以及耗散机制的作用。 在这里，我们将针对三种代表性材料——软水凝胶、弹性体和食品基材料的新颖实验切割测试与一个结合了软断裂、粘附和摩擦相互作用的耦合计算模型相结合。 我们的实验揭示了材料依赖的切割行为，表现出从压入到裂纹萌生的突然或平滑转变，随后进入不同的稳定切割阶段。 计算模型捕捉到了这些行为，并表明粘附力和粘性内聚力主导切向应力，而由于接触压力较低，库仑摩擦起不到显著作用。 总的来说，这些结果为软切割的物理机制提供了新的见解，并提供了一个统一的框架，以指导软材料、切割工具和切割方案的设计，直接与外科应用以及优化咀嚼性能的食品纹理工程相关。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Cutting soft materials is a complex process governed by the interplay of bulk large deformation, interfacial soft fracture, and contact forces with the cutting tool. Existing experimental characterizations and numerical models often fail to capture the variety of observed cutting behaviors, especially the transition from indentation to cutting and the roles of dissipative mechanisms. Here, we combine novel experimental cutting tests on three representative materials-a soft hydrogel, elastomer, and food-based materials-with a coupled computational model that integrates soft fracture, adhesion, and frictional interactions. Our experiments reveal material-dependent cutting behaviors, with abrupt or smooth transitions from indentation to crack initiation, followed by distinct steady cutting regimes. The computational model captures these behaviors and shows that adhesion and viscous cohesive forces dominate tangential stresses, while Coulomb friction plays a negligible role due to low contact pressures. Together, these results provide new mechanistic insights into the physics of soft cutting and offer a unified framework to guide the design of soft materials, cutting tools, and cutting protocols, with direct relevance to surgical applications and the engineering of food textures optimized for mastication.