标题： 激光功率传输在月球环境中的衍射和散射建模 显示英文标题

标题： Diffraction and Scattering Modeling for Laser Power Beaming in Lunar Environment

摘要： 可靠的能量传输是长期月球任务的关键要求，特别是在太阳能有限的区域，如极地陨石坑和长时间的月夜期间。 使用高功率激光的光学功率传输（OPB）为传统太阳能提供了一个有前景的替代方案，但悬浮月尘对光束传播的影响仍知之甚少。 本研究引入了一个详细的仿真模型，该模型结合了电荷悬浮月壤的衍射和高度相关的散射。 与之前的方法不同，这些方法假设均匀的尘埃层或中心到中心的传输损耗，我们的模型使用广义衍射理论和由粒子密度推导出的折射率梯度来评估光束变形和衰减。 结果表明，即使在地面到地面的情况下，月尘显著降低了能量传输效率，在无尘和有尘条件下，50公里距离内的效率从57%降至3.7%，颗粒大小为175纳米。 将颗粒尺寸增加到250纳米会使有效传输范围限制在30公里以下，效率为6%。 该研究进一步表明，提高激光源的高度可以提高效率，在源距地面12米的情况下，5公里距离的效率达到91%，50公里距离的效率为25%。 这些发现强调了系统高度和尘埃建模在月球OPB设计中的重要性，并揭示了粒径分布在人类活动扰动环境中的任务关键作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Reliable energy delivery is a critical requirement for long-term lunar missions, particularly in regions with limited solar access, such as polar craters and during extended lunar nights. Optical Power Beaming (OPB) using high-power lasers offers a promising alternative to conventional solar power, but the effects of suspended lunar dust on beam propagation remain poorly understood. This study introduces a detailed simulation model that incorporates both diffraction and height-dependent scattering by the electrostatically suspended lunar regolith. Un like prior approaches, which assumed uniform dust layers or center-to-center transmission loss, our model uses generalized diffraction theory and refractive index gradients derived from particle density to assess beam deformation and attenuation. The results show that even in ground-to-ground scenarios, lunar dust significantly degrades energy transfer efficiency, dropping from 57% to 3.7% over 50 km in dust-free vs. dusty conditions with 175 nm particles. Increasing the particle size to 250 nm limits the viable transmission range to below 30 km at 6% efficiency. The study further demonstrates that raising the laser source height can improve efficiency, achieving 91% for a distance of 5 km and 25% at 50 km when the source is positioned 12 m above ground. These findings underscore the importance of system elevation and dust modeling in lunar OPB design and reveal the mission-critical role of particle size distribution, especially in environments disturbed by human activity.