标题： 利用协变量在回归不连续设计中 显示英文标题

标题： Leveraging Covariates in Regression Discontinuity Designs

摘要： 在实证经济学中，纳入额外的协变量是一种常见做法。 在回归不连续（RD）设计的背景下，协变量调整发挥着多种作用，因此理解其对分析和结论的影响至关重要。 通常通过局部最小二乘回归实现的协变量调整可以有三个主要的不同用途：(i) 提高RD平均因果效应估计量的效率，(ii) 了解异质性的RD政策效应，以及(iii) 改变RD的关注参数。 本文讨论并实证说明如何在RD设计中有效利用协变量。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It is common practice to incorporate additional covariates in empirical economics. In the context of Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs, covariate adjustment plays multiple roles, making it essential to understand its impact on analysis and conclusions. Typically implemented via local least squares regressions, covariate adjustment can serve three main distinct purposes: (i) improving the efficiency of RD average causal effect estimators, (ii) learning about heterogeneous RD policy effects, and (iii) changing the RD parameter of interest. This article discusses and illustrates empirically how to leverage covariates effectively in RD designs.