标题： 股权，排放和通胀削减法案 显示英文标题

标题： Equity, Emissions and the Inflation Reduction Act

摘要： 由低收入家庭不成比例地购买的二手车，这一群体长期以来无法购买电动汽车。 然而，考虑到电动化提供的运营成本节省，低收入家庭在采用电动汽车方面将不成比例地受益。 为了实现这一好处，2022年通胀削减法案的规定提供了二手车购买激励措施。 这些举措可能有多有效。 利用美国人口普查局、国家家庭出行调查以及温室气体、受监管排放和能源技术模型的数据，我们解决了这个问题。 我们的发现有四点。 首先，我们证明尽管低收入家庭更有可能从IRA提供的二手车购买激励中受益，但由于车辆采购途径的异质性，多达840万低收入家庭可能不符合资格。 其次，我们表明，项目不符合资格可能会阻止多达1.139亿吨生命周期排放减少效益的实现。 第三，我们发现采购途径取决于车辆价格。 价格较高的二手车是从商业经销商直接购买的，而价格较低的二手车是从私人卖家购买的。 这些采购途径很重要，因为获得IRA激励的资格要求只能从商业经销商处购买。 第四，我们证明，虽然激励措施促使从商业经销商处购买二手车可能在车辆价格较高时有效，但随着价格升高，这种有效性会减弱。 我们的研究结果对脱碳努力和能源政策的影响进行了讨论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Preowned vehicles are disproportionally purchased by low-income households, a group that has long been unable to purchase electric vehicles. Yet, low-income households would disproportionally benefit from EV adoption given the operating costs savings offered by electrification. To help realize this benefit, provisions of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act offer preowned EV purchasing incentives. How effective might these efforts be. Leveraging data from the United States Census Bureau, the National Household Travel Survey, and the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model, we address this question. Our findings are fourfold. First, we demonstrate that although low-income households are more likely to benefit from preowned EV purchasing incentives offered by IRA, up to 8.4 million low-income households may be ineligible owing to heterogeneity in vehicle procurement pathways. Second, we show that program ineligibility risks preventing up to 113.9 million tons in lifecycle emissions reduction benefits from being realized. Third, we find that procurement pathways depend on vehicle price. More expensive preowned vehicles are purchased directly from commercial dealers, while less expensive preowned vehicles are purchased from private sellers. These procurement pathways matter because qualification for IRA incentives necessitates purchasing solely from commercial dealers. Fourth, we demonstrate that while incentives motivating preowned vehicle purchases from commercial dealers may be effective if the vehicle is expensive, this effectiveness diminishes at higher price points. The implications of our findings on decarbonization efforts and energy policy are discussed.