标题： 探测原初黑洞的双峰伽马射线谱与下一代伽马射线实验 显示英文标题

标题： Probing Double-Peaked Gamma-Ray Spectra from Primordial Black Holes with Next-Generation Gamma-Ray Experiments

摘要： 原初黑洞（PBHs），假设在早期宇宙中由密度涨落的引力坍缩形成，代表了一个有充分动机的暗物质（DM）候选者。 通过霍金辐射产生的伽马射线特征进行原初黑洞的探测，将为它们的存在提供确定性证据，并限制它们对暗物质丰度的贡献。 与传统暗物质候选者不同，原初黑洞在蒸发时会发出独特的、类似热辐射的粒子谱，包括光子、中微子和可能超出标准模型的粒子。 未来的高灵敏度伽马射线观测站，如e-ASTROGAM和其他下一代望远镜，将在这一搜索中发挥关键作用。 随着能量分辨率和灵敏度的提高，这些任务可以区分来自原初黑洞的光子与天体物理背景，研究微妙的光谱特征，如多峰结构，并测试奇异的蒸发模型。 这样的观测可能会确认原初黑洞作为可行的暗物质成分，或在关键质量窗口中对其丰度施加严格的限制。 在本工作中，我们探讨了由原初黑洞产生的双峰伽马射线光谱的区分特征，重点研究小行星质量窗口（$10^{15}$ g到$10^{17}$ g），其中 霍金辐射在兆电子伏特到吉电子伏特范围内达到峰值。 使用基于似然的分析，我们展示了未来任务如何区分单峰和双峰原初黑洞情景，后者出现在预测多模态原初黑洞质量分布的宇宙学模型中。 我们的结果突显了光谱形状分析在识别原初黑洞种群和限制双峰信号可在背景之上检测到的参数空间中的诊断能力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Primordial black holes (PBHs), hypothesized to form in the early universe from gravitational collapse of density fluctuations, represent a well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidate. Their potential detection through gamma-ray signatures arising from Hawking radiation would provide definitive evidence for their existence and constrain their contribution to the DM abundance. Unlike conventional DM candidates, PBHs emit a unique, thermal-like spectrum of particles as they evaporate, including photons, neutrinos, and possible beyond-the-Standard Model particles. Future high-sensitivity gamma-ray observatories, such as e-ASTROGAM and other next-generation telescopes, will play a pivotal role in this search. With improved energy resolution and sensitivity, these missions can disentangle PBH-originating photons from astrophysical backgrounds, probe subtle spectral features such as multi-peak structures, and test exotic evaporation models. Such observations could either confirm PBHs as a viable DM component or place stringent limits on their abundance across critical mass windows. In this work, we explore the distinguishing features of a double-peaked gamma-ray spectrum produced by PBHs, focusing on the asteroid-mass window ($10^{15}$ g to $10^{17}$ g), where Hawking radiation peaks in the MeV to GeV range. Using a likelihood-based analysis, we demonstrate how future missions could discriminate between single- and double-peaked PBH scenarios, the latter arising in cosmological models predicting multi-modal PBH mass distributions. Our results highlight the diagnostic power of spectral shape analysis in identifying PBH populations and constrain the parameter space for which a double-peaked signal could be detectable above background.