标题： 通过强脉冲物质波衍射区分对偶格子 显示英文标题

标题： Distinguishing dual lattice by strong-pulse matter-wave diffraction

摘要： 双晶格如蜂窝晶格和六边形晶格通常在光学中遵循巴比内原理，该原理指出两个互补的衍射物体的预期干涉图样是相同的且无法区分，除了它们的整体强度外。在这里，我们研究了光学晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基普塔-狄拉克衍射，并发现双晶格中的物质波仅在弱脉冲拉曼-纳思区域条件下遵循巴比内原理。相反，在强脉冲拉曼-纳思区域的基普塔-狄拉克物质波衍射（对应于我们在Sci. Rep. 10, 5870 (2020)中开发的生成亚波长相位结构的方法）可以打破巴比内原理，并清晰地区分双蜂窝晶格和六边形晶格的不同干涉图样。这种方法在表征晶格配置方面提供了卓越的精度，并推进了与对称性相关的现象的研究，克服了实空间成像的局限性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Dual lattices such as honeycomb and hexagonal lattices typically obey Babinet's principle in optics, which states that the expected interference patterns of two complementary diffracting objects are identical and indistinguishable, except for their overall intensity. Here, we study Kapitza--Dirac diffraction of Bose--Einstein condensates in optical lattices and find that matter waves in dual lattices obey Babinet's principle only under the condition of weak-pulse Raman--Nath regimes. In contrast, the Kapitza--Dirac matter-wave diffraction in the strong-pulse Raman--Nath regime (corresponding to the phase wrapping method we developed to generate sub-wavelength phase structures in Sci. Rep. 10, 5870 (2020)) can break Babinet's principle and clearly resolve the distinct interference patterns of the dual honeycomb and hexagonal lattices. This method offers exceptional precision in characterizing lattice configurations and advance the study of symmetry-related phenomena, overcoming the limitations of real-space imaging.