标题： 增强火星生命探测器（MLE）的真正无差别生命检测能力 显示英文标题

标题： Enhancing Mars Life Explorer (MLE) with True Agnostic Life Detection Capabilities

摘要： 火星生命探测器（MLE）任务概念提供了一个关键的机会，以研究火星中纬度冰层中是否存在现存生命。 然而，MLE当前的科学可追溯性矩阵更侧重于宜居性评估和有机化学，而非直接的生命探测。 由于载人任务可能早在2040年就可能发生，不受污染的机器人探索窗口正在迅速关闭。 必须在人类活动造成不可逆污染并损害科学完整性之前，实现对火星生命的高置信度判定。 本文评估了当前MLE架构在科学、技术和政策方面的局限性，并建议具体的仪器升级和管理措施，以实现明确且无偏见的生命探测，同时保护行星防护。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Mars Life Explorer (MLE) mission concept offers a critical opportunity to investigate whether extant life exists within the mid-latitude ice deposits of Mars. However, MLE's current science traceability matrix emphasizes habitability assessment and organic chemistry over direct life detection. As crewed missions to Mars may occur as early as 2040, the window for uncontaminated robotic exploration is rapidly closing. A high-confidence determination of Martian life must be achieved before irreversible anthropogenic contamination compromises scientific integrity. This paper evaluates the scientific, technical, and policy limitations of the current MLE architecture and recommends specific instrumentation upgrades and governance measures necessary to enable definitive and agnostic life detection while safeguarding planetary protection.