标题： 基于量子电路混淆的加密状态量子编译方案 显示英文标题

标题： Encrypted-State Quantum Compilation Scheme Based on Quantum Circuit Obfuscation

摘要： 随着量子计算的迅速发展，量子编译已成为连接高层算法与物理硬件的关键层。 在量子云计算中，编译是在云端进行的，这会使用户的电路面临结构泄露和输出可预测性等潜在风险。 为解决这些问题，我们提出了基于量子电路混淆的加密态量子编译方案（ECQCO），这是首个针对编译器与量子硬件共置的专用安全编译框架。 它应用量子同态加密来隐藏输出状态，并基于量子不可区分混淆构建结构混淆机制，有效保护电路的功能和拓扑结构。 此外，设计了一种自适应解耦混淆算法，在插入脉冲操作的同时抑制潜在的空闲错误。 所提出的方案实现了信息论安全性，并在量子随机预言模型下保证了计算不可区分性。 在基准数据集上的实验结果表明，ECQCO实现了高达0.7的TVD和0.88的归一化GED，提高了编译阶段的安全性。 此外，它仅导致电路深度略有增加，同时将平均保真度变化保持在1%以内，从而在安全性和效率之间实现了实际的平衡。 显示英文摘要

摘要： With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, quantum compilation has become a crucial layer connecting high-level algorithms with physical hardware. In quantum cloud computing, compilation is performed on the cloud side, which exposes user circuits to potential risks such as structural leakage and output predictability. To address these issues, we propose the encrypted-state quantum compilation scheme based on quantum circuit obfuscation (ECQCO), the first secure compilation framework tailored for the co-location of compilers and quantum hardware. It applies quantum homomorphic encryption to conceal output states and instantiates a structure obfuscation mechanism based on quantum indistinguishability obfuscation, effectively protecting both functionality and topology of the circuit. Additionally, an adaptive decoupling obfuscation algorithm is designed to suppress potential idle errors while inserting pulse operations. The proposed scheme achieves information-theoretic security and guarantees computational indistinguishability under the quantum random oracle model. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that ECQCO achieves a TVD of up to 0.7 and a normalized GED of 0.88, enhancing compilation-stage security. Moreover, it introduces only a slight increase in circuit depth, while keeping the average fidelity change within 1%, thus achieving a practical balance between security and efficiency.