标题： 高能质子加速器中氚的生成与释放建模 显示英文标题

标题： Modelling Tritium Production and Release at High-Energy Proton Accelerators

摘要： 氚是粒子加速器运行的众所周知的副产品。 为了将氚水平保持在监管限值以下，费米实验室积极监测和管理氚的产生。 我们计划研究费米实验室设施（如NuMI、BNB和MI-65）中靶材、束流线组件和屏蔽元件中的氚产生情况。 为了便于分析，我们构建了一个简单的模型，并使用三种蒙特卡罗辐射代码FLUKA、MARS和PHITS来估算这些设施中产生的氚量。 该分析还可以作为这些代码在氚产生相关结果之间的相互比较。 为了评估各种材料实际释放的氚量，我们采用了一种半经验扩散模型。 只要有可能，就会将该分析的结果与实验数据进行比较。 这种方法还有助于优化所提议的靶材，以减少氚的产生和释放。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Tritium is a well-known byproduct of particle accelerator operations. To keep levels of tritium below regulatory limits, tritium production is actively monitored and managed at Fermilab. We plan to study tritium production in the targets, beamline components, and shielding elements of the Fermilab facilities such as NuMI, BNB, and MI-65. To facilitate the analysis, we construct a simple model and use three Monte Carlo radiation codes, FLUKA, MARS, and PHITS, to estimate the amount of tritium produced in these facilities. The analysis could also serve as an intercomparison between these code results related to tritium production. To assess the actual amounts of tritium that would be released from various materials, we employ a semi-empirical diffusion model. The results of this analysis are compared to experimental data whenever possible. This approach also helps to optimize proposed target materials with respect to the tritium production and release.