标题： 用红外宽谱光度法映射水冰 显示英文标题

标题： Mapping water ice with infrared broadband photometry

摘要： 星际冰在分子云和恒星形成区域的物理和化学演化中起着基本作用，但它们的大尺度分布和丰度仍难以绘制。 在本研究中，我提出了冰色过量方法，该方法对显著的3$\mu$m吸收特征的峰值光学深度($\tau_{3.0}^{\mathrm{max}}$)进行参数化，该特征主要由固态H$_2$O的存在引起。 该方法建立在已建立的近红外色过量技术基础上，并使用广泛可用的红外宽带测光数据。 通过详细评估波段组合和全面的误差分析，我构建了冰色过量指标$\Lambda(W_1 - I_1)$。 该参数被证明是最佳选择，能够在最小化系统误差的同时利用来自斯皮策和WISE数据档案的高质量、广泛可用的测光数据。 为了校准该方法，我从文献中收集了位于附近分子云背景中的恒星样本，这些恒星的光谱测量光学深度是已知的。 经验校准得出$\tau_{3.0}^{\mathrm{max}}$和$\Lambda(W_1 - I_1)$之间非常紧密的相关性。 这种测光技术为在银河尺度上追踪星际介质的冰成分开辟了一条新途径，为光谱巡天提供了一个强大的补充，并使人们对冰尘粒形成和演化的环境依赖性有了新的见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Interstellar ices play a fundamental role in the physical and chemical evolution of molecular clouds and star-forming regions, yet their large-scale distribution and abundance remain challenging to map. In this work, I present the ice color excess method, which parametrizes the peak optical depth ($\tau_{3.0}^{\mathrm{max}}$) of the prominent 3$\mu$m absorption feature, which is predominantly caused by the presence of solid H$_2$O. The method builds on well-established near-infrared color excess techniques and uses widely available infrared broadband photometry. Through detailed evaluation of passband combinations and a comprehensive error analysis, I construct the ice color excess metric $\Lambda(W_1 - I_1)$. This parameter emerges as the optimal choice that minimizes systematic errors while leveraging high-quality, widely available photometry from Spitzer and WISE data archives. To calibrate the method, I compile from the literature a sample of stars located in the background of nearby molecular clouds, for which spectroscopically measured optical depths are available. The empirical calibration yields a remarkably tight correlation between $\tau_{3.0}^{\mathrm{max}}$ and $\Lambda(W_1 - I_1)$. This photometric technique opens a new avenue for tracing the icy component of the interstellar medium on Galactic scales, providing a powerful complement to spectroscopic surveys and enabling new insights into the environmental dependence of the formation and evolution of icy dust grains.